Effects of Seed Size and Growth Form on Seedling Establishment of Six Monocarpic Perennial Plants

1984 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Monocarpic Perennial

scholarly journals Characterization and ecological significance of a seed bank from the Upper Pennsylvanian Wise Formation, southwest Virginia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra S. Yehnjong ◽  
Michael S. Zavada ◽  
Chris Liu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Large Seed

AbstractSoil seed banks are important to the maintenance and restoration of floras. Extant seed banks exhibit unique characteristics with regard to the distribution of seed size and seed density. Seeds were recovered from the Upper Pennsylvanian Wise Formation in southwest Virginia. Structurally preserved seeds were also examined from coal balls of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville and Allegheny Groups, Ohio. The size distribution of the seeds from the Wise Formation is similar to that of structurally preserved seeds of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pottsville and Allegheny Group coal balls. In contrast, the seed size distributions in extant wetland, grassland, woodland and forest habitats are significantly narrower than that of seeds from the Pennsylvanian seed banks. Larger seeds are less dependent on light for germination, and aid in seedling establishment more than smaller seeds, especially in dense stable forests where disturbance events are rare. Large seed size may contribute to increased seed longevity, which reduces the effect of environmental variability on seed germination and development. The significantly larger size of the Palaeozoic seeds may have imparted an advantage for seedling establishment in the dense Palaeozoic forests. The preponderance of large seeds may be a result of the absence of large seed predators (e.g. herbivorous tetrapods), and may have been an evolutionary strategy to minimize damage to the embryo from a predator population dominated by small invertebrates with chewing or sucking mouthparts. The estimated seed density of 192 seeds/m2in the Palaeozoic seed bank falls within the range of modern seed banks, but at the lower end of modern seed bank densities in a variety of habitats.

Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, seedling vigour and tolerance of summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp.

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Elliott ◽  
L. W. Mann ◽  
O. O. Olfert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Beetle Damage

A 3-yr study was conducted on three synthetic Brassica rapa L. cultivars to determine the effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, seedling growth and susceptibility to feeding damage by flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Seed lots of AC Boreal, Fairview and Hysyn 110 were sieved to obtain small, medium and large seeds (1.4–1.6, 1.6–1.8 and 1.8–2.0 mm, respectively). In the laboratory, seedlings grown from large seeds had the largest cotyledons, highest shoot dry weight and highest biomass. Shoot weights increased as seed size increased. Sized seeds of the three cultivars were grown in the field without insecticides in 1998–2000. Seedlings of small seeds had the highest flea beetle damage and poorest seedling establishment. Shoot dry weight and biomass 14–35 d after planting increased as seed size and seed weight increased. Compared with small seeds, large seeds improved shoot dry weight, biomass and seed yield by 13–43, 25–57 and 12%, respectively. Results indicated that seedlings of medium and large seeds are more vigorous and tolerant to flea beetle damage than seedlings of small seeds. Tolerance was due to a higher initial seedling weight rather than higher relative growth rate. Shoot dry weights, biomass and yield of the three cultivars were more strongly correlated with 1000-seed weight than with seed diameter. Key words: Canola, flea beetles, seed size, seedling vigour, tolerance, seed weight

Resource Allocation and Seed Size Selection in Perennial Plants under Pollen Limitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoqiao Huang ◽  
Martin Burd ◽  
Zhiwei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Size Selection

Senecio L. (Asteraceae) in Australia: Reproductive biology of a genus found primarily in unstable environments

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Habitat Stability ◽  
Dispersal Potential

The reproductive biology of 28 native and four exotic species of Senecio is described in terms of their breeding system, longevity, habitat stability, seed size and number, dispersal potential and seedling establishment. Nineteen species (15 perennial, 2 annual, 2 ephemeral) are self-incompatible, 13 are self-compatible (4 perennial, 7 annual, 2 ephemeral) and nearly all occur in unstable environments. The success of the perennial species in unstable environments perhaps reflects the fact that they all reach sexual maturity within 1 year of germination and, provided populations of self-incompatible species are large enough, they can set seed in the first year.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). IX Asthenatherum glaucum

Bothalia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Leaf Section ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Africa

The leaf blade anatomy of Asthenatherum glaucum (Nees) Nevski was studied. Detailed descriptions of the leaf section and abaxial epidermis are given and illustrated by means of photomicrographs. The leaf anatomy of all specimens is undoubtedly Kranz with radiate chlorenchyma and specialized parenchyma bundle sheath chloroplasts. This observation is the most important justification for separating Asthenatherum from Danthonia, which has non-Kranz anatomy. Significant epidermal variation was observed, particularly in the form and occurrence of macro-hairs and prickles. These epidermal differences appear to correlate with geographical distribution and growth form of the plants and may be of infraspecific taxonomic significance. The epidermal variation is continuous, but three more or less distinct groups can be recognized: annual plants with unique macro-hairs with corrugated walls; annual or perennial plants without macro-hairs but with large straight prickles without swollen bases; and perennial plants without these large prickles. These groups appear to represent an intergrading cline along an increasing moisture gradient eastwards from the Namib Desert in South West Africa/Namibia.

Germination and seedling establishment in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.): An interaction between seed size, relative growth rate and seedling biomass

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Babli Mog, J.D. Adiga M.G. Nayak and G.S. Mohana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Seedling Biomass

<p>Seeds of cashew were used to determine the effect of seed mass (5.2 to 7.8 g) on germination, seedling emergence and growth<br />under nursery conditions. Germination percentage and germination time showed significant correlation with seed mass. Large<br />sized seeds had higher germination percentage (81.6%) and produced more vigorous seedlings. Per cent seedling emergence was<br />related to seed mass with large sized seeds exhibited faster emergence. Seed mass significantly affected seedling survival and<br />survival rate was high in seedlings arising from large sized seeds (62.9%). Seedling vigor expressed in terms of shoot and root<br />length, leaf number, leaf area and total dry matter was significantly affected by seed mass. Seedlings that emerged from large sized<br />seeds showed better growth and produced heavier seedlings as compared to medium sized seeds. RGR showed significant variation<br />(0.152 to 0.240 g g-1day-1) among two seed size classes positively correlated with seed mass, leaf area (LA), unit leaf rate per unit<br />leaf area (ULRM), root to shoot ratio (R/S) and root mass ratio (RMR) and negatively with stem mass ratio (SMR). The study<br />concluded that the seed mass and RGR have influence on seedling growth and success of seedling establishment in cashew.</p>

Effects of burying depth and seed size on seedling establishment of Japanese chestnuts, Castanea crenata

2002 ◽  
Vol 164 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seiwa ◽  
A. Watanabe ◽  
T. Saitoh ◽  
H. Kannu ◽  
S. Akasaka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Castanea Crenata
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