Edaphic Differentiation of some Forest Types in Eastern Australia: I. Soil Physical Factors

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Factors ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Edaphic Differentiation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spectral Indices for Assessing Fire Severity in Australian Temperate Forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bang Tran ◽  
Mihai Tanase ◽  
Lauren Bennett ◽  
Cristina Aponte
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Severity Classification ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Regeneration Strategies ◽  
Open Forests ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Spectral indices derived from optical remote sensing data have been widely used for fire-severity classification in forests from local to global scales. However, comparative analyses of multiple indices across diverse forest types are few. This represents an information gap for fire management agencies in areas like temperate south-eastern Australia, which is characterised by a diversity of natural forests that vary in structure, and in the fire-regeneration strategies of the dominant trees. We evaluate 10 spectral indices across eight areas burnt by wildfires in 1998, 2006, 2007, and 2009 in south-eastern Australia. These wildfire areas encompass 13 forest types, which represent 86% of the 7.9M ha region’s forest area. Forest types were aggregated into six forest groups based on their fire-regeneration strategies (seeders, resprouters) and structure (tree height and canopy cover). Index performance was evaluated for each forest type and forest group by examining its sensitivity to four fire-severity classes (unburnt, low, moderate, high) using three independent methods (anova, separability, and optimality). For the best-performing indices, we calculated index-specific thresholds (by forest types and groups) to separate between the four severity classes, and evaluated the accuracy of fire-severity classification on independent samples. Our results indicated that the best-performing indices of fire severity varied with forest type and group. Overall accuracy for the best-performing indices ranged from 0.50 to 0.78, and kappa values ranged from 0.33 (fair agreement) to 0.77 (substantial agreement), depending on the forest group and index. Fire severity in resprouter open forests and woodlands was most accurately mapped using the delta Normalised Burnt ratio (dNBR). In contrast, dNDVI (delta Normalised difference vegetation index) performed best for open forests with mixed fire responses (resprouters and seeders), and dNDWI (delta Normalised difference water index) was the most accurate for obligate seeder closed forests. Our analysis highlighted the low sensitivity of all indices to fire impacts in Rainforest. We conclude that the optimal spectral index for quantifying fire severity varies with forest type, but that there is scope to group forests by structure and fire-regeneration strategy to simplify fire-severity classification in heterogeneous forest landscapes.

A new low-cost hairtube design for the detection of the spotted-tailed quoll Dasyurus maculatus in south-eastern Australia.

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Murray
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Carnivorous Marsupial ◽  
South Eastern Australia

THE spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) is the largest carnivorous marsupial extant on mainland Australia, where it has a fragmented distribution in forested habitats in the eastern part of the continent. This species is also found in Tasmania. D. maculatus have been found in a wide variety of forest types from sea level to over 1400 m above sea level, in areas generally receiving in excess of 600 mm of rainfall (Mansergh 1983). The distribution of D. maculatus is believed to have declined by over 50% following European settlement (Mansergh 1983).

Environmental control of community organisation on ocean-exposed sandy beaches

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Schlacher ◽  
Luke Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Community Organisation ◽  
Human Habitat ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Faunal Communities ◽  
Habitat Properties

Models of faunal communities on open-coast beaches emphasise the primacy of environmental conditions in determining species richness and abundance. What remains unresolved under this ‘physical-control paradigm’ includes the following two aspects: (1) how habitat properties relate to structural traits of communities; and (2) how environmental conditions shape communities when habitat properties change over time. Here, we test these by modelling the relationship between a broad range of environmental drivers and assemblage structure. Our models draw on a sizeable dataset (15 600 cores collected over 4 years) of benthic invertebrates from beaches in eastern Australia; we also include a test of whether human disturbance (vehicles) alters the relationships between environmental predictors and faunal communities. A suite of physical factors, comprising habitat features (i.e. moisture level, grain size, beach slope) and wave parameters, explained variation in community structure. Novel aspects are the role of sea-surface temperature (SST) as a driver of biological structure on beaches, and that human impacts can override the sediment–animal relationships that are normally important. More generally, theoretical and empirical models of beach-community organisation should incorporate multiple environmental drivers, include broader structural aspect of assemblages, and recognise the role of human habitat alterations in shaping these fauna–environment links.

Limnological characteristics of two coastal Dune Lakes, Jervis Bay, South Eastern Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Norris ◽  
JL Moore ◽  
WA Maher ◽  
LP Wensing
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Dune Lakes ◽  
Wind Mixing

Limnological features of two permanent, closed, coastal dune lakes that are separated by only about 400 m are reported. The depth of Lake Windermere fluctuated by about 7 m during this study (1982- 1988); however, fluctuations up to 15 m were observed between 1970 and 1988. Lake Windermere is exposed to wind mixing, is transparent and is usually mixed, or only weakly stratified. Lake McKenzie is semi-perched, darkly coloured and strongly stratified with an anoxic hypolimnion during summer. It is about one fifth of the surface area and half the depth of Lake Windermere and protected from wind mixing. Both lakes are acidic and have low salinity, and the dominant ions are sodium and chloride probably from precipitation of marine aerosols. Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion of both lakes indicates a substantial organic load, the source of which is allochthonous material from the catchment rather than autochthonous material. Lake Windermere had higher densities of zooplankton (mostly Calamoecia tasmanica) than Lake McKenzie, but the latter lake had higher numbers of the predaceous Chaoborus sp. Lake McKenzie had higher invertebrate densities than Lake Windermere and these fluctuated widely between years, corresponding with variation in rainfall. Mayflies and chironomids were numerically dominant in Lake McKenzie, and caddisflies and chironomids were numerically dominant in Lake Windermere. Turtle and odonate predators were more common in Lake McKenzie than in Lake Windermere. It is postulated that biological interactions are more important in shaping the communities in Lake McKenzie and physical factors such as wave action are more important in Lake Windermere.

Rail survey plans to remote sensing: vegetation change in the Mulga Lands of eastern Australia and its implications for land use

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick J. Fensham ◽  
Owen Powell ◽  
James Horne
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Eastern Australia

There is a prevailing paradigm that woody vegetation is expanding at the expense of grassland with reduced burning under pastoralism in the Mulga Lands biogeographic region in eastern Australia. This raises the possibility that the region is acting as a carbon sink. Vegetation boundaries were precisely positioned from rail survey plans dating from 1895 to 1900. This baseline was compared with the position of boundaries on 1952 aerial photography and 2010 Google Earth imagery. The conversion of forest to non-forest by mechanical clearing was also mapped from satellite imagery. There was no consistent trend in the direction of boundary movement for mulga (Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth.), gidgee (Acacia cambagei R.T. Baker) forest or miscellaneous other forest types. The stability of the boundaries, despite the transition from aboriginal management to rangeland pastoralism, contrasts with dramatic declines in tree cover resulting from mechanical clearing. Mapping of forest cover from satellite imagery reveals that conversion of forest to non-forest has reduced mulga forest to 74%, gidgee forest to 30% and miscellaneous forest types to 82% of their original area. Annual clearing rates for the period between 1997 and 2005 were 0.83, 0.95 and 0.43% for those forest types, respectively. Clearing has declined substantially in the period 2005–09 since the advent of recent regulations in Queensland. The area remains a source of carbon emissions but this situation may reverse if restoration of mulga dry forest becomes an attractive land use with an emerging carbon market.

PENGARUH RADIO DAN TELEVISI TERHADAP PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENJAGAAN LINGKUNGAN DAN ALAM SEKITAR BAGI TERWUJUDNYA PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Ratu Mutialela Caropeboka
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
Major Process

The environment is also called the natural environment is a phenomenon that forms around life rather than humans, either biotic or abiotic. The surrounding phenomenon that affects people is not limited to physical factors solely, on the contrary social factors play an important role to explain how human activity can affect the environment and the natural surroundings. The essence and falsafa of development is a change, growth and equity in all fields and dimensions to a better state. Development communication is part of a major process that requires social, economic, political and cultural change in line with the requirements of the local community. The simultaneous formulation of information dissemination carried out by radio, is no longer the only option of society, because the community has designed and determined what information they need. Television broadcasting has an influence on patterns of public action to model, imitate information gained through impressions. Community participation in safeguarding the environment to achieve harmonious and balanced development is the driving and driving force for social change to achieve sustainable development. Lingkungan disebut juga alam sekitar adalah fenomena yang wujud di sekeliling kehidupan daripada manusia,baik biotik ataupun abiotik. Fenomena sekeliling yang mempengaruhi manusia tidak terbatas kepada faktor fisikal semata-mata, sebaliknya faktor sosial turut berperanan penting bagi menerangkan bagaimana aktivitas manusia dapat mempengaruhi lingkungan dan alam sekitar. Hakikat dan Falasafah pembangunan ialah suatu perubahan, pertumbuhan dan pemerataan dalam segala bidang dan dimensinya menuju keadaan yang lebih baik. Komunikasi pembangunan merupakan bahagian dari proses besar yang menghendaki adanya perubahan sosial, ekonomi, politik dan budaya yang sejalan dengan persyaratan keperluan masyarakat lokal. Formula keserentakan penyebaran informasi yang dilakukan melalui radio, tidak lagi menjadi satu-satunya pilihan masyarakat, karena masyarakatlah telah merancang dan menentukan informasi apa yang mereka perlukan. Siaran televisi mempunyai pengaruh pada pola tindakan masyarakat untuk mencontoh, meniru informasi yang didapat melalui tayangan. Partisipasi masyarakat menjaga lingkungan untuk mewujudkan pembangunan yang serasi dan seimbang adalah penggerak dan pengarah bagi perubahan sosial untuk mewujudkan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan

Influence of physical factors and cultures of microorganisms on segmented polyurethane’s degradation

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
L.V. Kobrina ◽  
◽  
V.V. Boiko ◽  
T.V. Dmitrieva ◽  
V.V. Bortnitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Factors
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