Factors Affecting the Natural Regeneration of Sessile Oak (Quercus Petraea) in North Wales: II. Acorn Losses and Germination Under Field Conditions

1968 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
North Wales

scholarly journals On the knowns and unknowns of natural regeneration of silviculturally managed sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) forests—a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kohler ◽  
Patrick Pyttel ◽  
Christian Kuehne ◽  
Tobias Modrow ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Oak Regeneration ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Great Uncertainty ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Key message This literature review identified the main factors for the success of different silvicultural approaches to regenerate sessile oak naturally and unveiled at the same time important knowledge gaps. Most previous studies were only short-term and restricted to a few factors and single locations. Hence, the findings of these studies are of limited explanatory power and do not allow to develop general, widely applicable management recommendations. Context Successful natural regeneration of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) through silvicultural actions depends on a number of biotic, abiotic and management factors and their interactions. However, owing to a limited understanding about the influence of these critical factors, there is great uncertainty about suitable silvicultural approaches for natural oak regeneration, in particular regarding the size of canopy openings and speed of canopy removal. Aims This study aimed at critically evaluating documented information on natural regeneration of sessile oak. Specifically, we identified (i) the factors that determine the success of approaches for natural regeneration and (ii) evaluated the evidence base associated with different silvicultural approaches. Methods A comprehensive literature search was done considering relevant peer-reviewed publications of ISI-listed journals as well as non-ISI listed published papers and reports by practitioners. Out of more than 260 collected references, a set of 53 silvicultural ‘core publications’ was identified and analyzed using a catalogue of numeric and categorical evaluation criteria. Results The most important factors determining regeneration success extracted from the literature were light availability, presence of competing vegetation, initial oak seedling density, browsing of seedlings and intensity of stand tending measures. However, the review revealed also great uncertainty regarding the interactions between these factors and the magnitude of their influence. Most studies were of short duration and restricted to single locations. In only 20% of the experimental studies, the observation period exceeded five years. Total costs of regeneration efforts were quantified and reported in only two studies. This lack of data on the expenses of different approaches to natural oak regeneration appears to be one of the most crucial knowledge deficits revealed in this literature review. Conclusion Natural regeneration of sessile oak may be achieved under a wide range of canopy openings, if competing vegetation and browsing is negligible, seedling density is high and tending to remove competing vegetation is carried out consistently. However, since the silvicultural regeneration success depends on the interactions among these factors, which have often not been adequately considered, we caution against general recommendations for silvicultural systems developed from case studies and call for new long-term studies with comprehensive experimental designs.

Environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting natural regeneration of degraded dry Afromontane forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadgu Hishe ◽  
Kidane Giday ◽  
Tobias Fremout ◽  
Aklilu Negussie ◽  
Raf Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Afromontane Forest ◽  
Dry Afromontane Forest

FACTORS AFFECTING ADULT EMERGENCE AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Duration Of Copulation

AbstractLaboratory and field experiments indicate that the female spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) pupal stadium requires approximately 122C degree-days above a threshold of 7.2 °C (45°F), the male 124. Emergence time on any given day depends on temperature but is independent of photoperiod. Under field conditions male and female budworm mate only once per 24-h period. In the laboratory under continuous illumination females mate repeatedly and males readily mate a second time within a few hours, but the duration of the second copulation is abnormally long. The probability of multiple matings under field conditions is reduced by the restricted period of sexual activity coupled with the duration of copulation and the lower competitiveness of mated insects. Antennae are essential to the male for successful copulation.

Influence de la densité du couvert forestier sur le développement architectural de jeunes chênes sessiles, Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (Fagaceae), en régénération forestière

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Nicolini ◽  
Daniel Barthélémy ◽  
Patrick Heuret
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Growth Unit ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
The North ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Number Of Branches

The growth and branching patterns of the main axis of 6-year-old sessile oak, growing in a natural regeneration in the north of France, were analysed each year retrospectively according to three increasing canopy density conditions: large gap, small gap, and dense canopy. Increasing gap size is associated with an increase in the total height, basal diameter, branching probability, and global polycyclism rate of the trees. At the growth unit or annual shoot level, from dense canopy to large gaps these botanical entities also show an increase in their total length, number of nodes, polycyclism, and branching rate as well as mean number of branches and mean internode length. A discussion of our results revealed some endogenous features of growth and branching patterns in young sessile oak trees. It is also shown that increasing canopy density generally tends to reduce the expression of the endogenous architectural sequence of differentiation of young sessile oak trees. Young trees growing below dense canopy thus seem to be "delayed" in their sequence of differentiation and appear to be in a "waiting" status, whereas young trees growing in large gaps exhibit an architecture very similar to trees growing in nurseries under nonlimiting growth conditions.Key words: architecture, Quercus petraea, growth, morphology, canopy density.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Natural Regeneration of Tropical Forests across a Precipitation Gradient in Myanmar

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyin Khaine ◽  
Su Woo ◽  
MyeongJa Kwak ◽  
Seong Lee ◽  
Sun Je ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Factors Affecting
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