Japan's Dependence on the World Economy. The Approach Toward Economic Liberalization.

1971 ◽  
Vol 81 (321) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
W. J. MacPherson ◽  
L. Hollerman ◽  
K. Ohkawa ◽  
B. F. Johnston ◽  
H. Kaneda
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
The World

scholarly journals The Missing Economic Magic: The Failure of Trade Liberalization and Exchange Rate Devaluation in Pakistan, 1980–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (Sspecial Edition) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
The World

Pakistan and India were part of that wave of economic liberalization among developing countries from the late 1980s. This paper is about one aspect of that failure to ‘produce the economic magic’, in Pakistan. Pakistan substantially liberalized its international trade after the late 1980s, and contrary to some views managed its exchange rate in an exceptionally clear sighted and prudent manner. In response, Pakistan never experienced sustained and rapid export led-growth. In fact so disappointing was the performance of exports that Pakistan’s degree of integration with the world economy was little higher in 2015 than it had been in 1990. This paper first examines the exciting promise followed by the lackluster performance of trade liberalization. It establishes evidence that the exchange rate was managed in a way that should have helped a more liberalized trading regime contribute to economic growth. The paper explores wider evidence linking trade liberalization to economic growth and argues that the positive relationship is at best only a contingent one. Those contingent factors that have failed to support the positive link between trade liberalization and economic growth in Pakistan are investment, tax revenue, and upgrading/learning.

Russia and China: The Vector of Development of Economic Cooperation

2004 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
L. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Commodity ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Ties

This article considers the basic tendencies of development of trade and economic cooperation of the two countries with accent on increasing volumes and consolidating trade and economic ties in Russian-Chinese relations. The author compares Russian and Chinese participation in the world economy and analyzes the counter trade from the point of view of basic commodity groups.

Actual Problems of Economic Policy

2003 ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Policy ◽  
Effective Integration

At present Russia faces the task of great importance - effective integration into the world economy. The success of this process largely depends on the strength of the domestic economy and stable economic growth. To attain such a goal certain changes in economic approaches are required which imply more active, focused and concerted steps in the monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policy.

Two Years after the Crisis: Do Risks of the Second Wave Become Stronger?

2011 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
World Economy ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Global Imbalances ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Second Wave

With signs of normalization seemingly in place in the world economy, a number of problems show the possibility of aggravation in the future. The volume of derivatives in American banks grows significantly, high risk instruments are back in place and their use becomes more active, global imbalances increase. All of the above requires thorough approaches when creating mechanisms which can neutralize external shocks for the Russian economy and make it possible to develop in the new post-crisis environment.

Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth in the Context of the World Economy

2006 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Kazakhstan’s economic policy results in 1995-2005 are considered in the article. In particular, the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and some indicators of nation states - population, territory, direct access to the World Ocean, and extraction of crude petroleum - is presented. Basic problems in the sphere of economic policy in Kazakhstan are formulated.

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