Oklahoma Populism: A History of the People's Party in the Oklahoma Territory.

"This study aims to highlight the activity of the Cluj County Branch of the Romanian National Party (hereafter abbreviated as RNP) in the spring of 1920, covering the events from the fall of the government led by Alexandru Vaida–Voevod until the end of the parliamentary elections of May–June 1920. After the Great Union, the city of Cluj became the political capital of Transylvania, especially after the Ruling Council, which was the provisional executive body of Transylvania, moved its headquarters from Sibiu to Cluj. Iuliu Maniu, the President of the Ruling Council and of the R.N.P, who was elected at the Sibiu Conference of 9–10 August 1919, had settled in Cluj as well. Moreover, at the head of Cluj County Branch of the RNP were personalities with a rich history of struggle for the cause of National Liberation of the Romanians in Transylvania: Iuliu Coroianu, Emil Hațieganu, Aurel Socol, Sever Dan, Alexandru Rusu, Ioan Giurgiu, the Archpriest Ioan Pop of Morlaca, and the Priest‑Martyr Aurel Muntean from Huedin. After the dismissal of the Vaida government, the Central Executive Committee of the RNP convened a party congress for 24 April 1920, in Alba Iulia. Just before the congress, the Cluj County organization had started the election campaign. Meetings were organized in every town and village, aiming to elect representatives for the Congress in Alba Iulia. On 21 April 1920, a large assembly was held in Cluj, during which the deputies of Cluj presented their work in Parliament. Simultaneously, delegates were elected for the Congress of Alba Iulia. The RNP Congress adopted a draft resolution and the governing bodies were elected. Iuliu Maniu was re‑elected as President. Based on the decisions adopted at the Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia on 1 December 1918, he adopted a working program, which was summarized in thirteen chapters. During the electoral campaign of 1920 two major political groups became polar opposites: the one around the People’s Party, which was in power, and the parties that formed the Parliamentary Bloc and had governed before. On the list of candidates of the Cluj County Branch of the RNP we can mostly find the former MPs of the party, as well as those who had filled various leadership positions within the Ruling Council. Following the electoral process, despite all the efforts of the People’s Party, in power at that time – especially those of Octavian Goga – to dispel the propaganda conducted by the RNP, the latter party managed to obtain 27 seats in the House and 14 in the Senate. This placed the RNP in second place among Romania’s political parties. The Cluj County Branch of the RNP was able to win two of the five electoral districts in the Chamber, as well as two in the Senate, out of the three allocated to the county. Another conclusion would be that, starting from these parliamentary elections, more and more parties from the Old Kingdom penetrated into Transylvania and Banat. They would achieve some success with the voters only when they came to hold power in the state and organize elections. Still, the RNP remained the party with the largest grip on the electorate of Transylvania and Banat, and Cluj became the political capital of Transylvania."

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The Populist Revolt: a History of the Farmers' Alliance and the People's Party. By John D. Hicks, Professor of American History and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 1931. Pp. xiii, 473. $4.00.)

The American Historical Review ◽

10.1086/ahr/38.2.347 ◽

1933 ◽

Keyword(s):

American History ◽

University Of Minnesota ◽

People's Party ◽

Arts And Sciences ◽

History Of

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“Organism and Triangle”: A Short History of Labor Law in Turkey (1920-1950)

New Perspectives on Turkey ◽

10.1017/s0896634600002508 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 95-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koray Çalışkan

Keyword(s):

Labor Law ◽

Significant Feature ◽

Short History ◽

Turkish Republic ◽

National Assembly ◽

People's Party ◽

Final Draft ◽

History Of ◽

Draft Bill

The first labor code of the Turkish Republic was enacted in 1936 and became effective in 1937. The most significant feature of this code was the time taken by the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) to legislate it. Negotiations began in 1925 with discussions of the Service Code draft bill. In the course of fifteen years TGNA discussed five draft bills and in 1936 a final draft was accepted. Between then and 1950, when the Republican People's Party (RPP) lost the election to the Democrat Party (DP), the scope of the labor code was extended without any alteration in its ideological content.

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The Populist Revolt: A History of the Farmers' Alliance and the People's Party. John D. Hicks

Journal of Political Economy ◽

10.1086/254459 ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 247-248

Author(s):

Avery Craven

Keyword(s):

People's Party ◽

History Of

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Contingencies of Place and Time: The Significance of Wilson v. Marion and Oklahoma Territory in the History of School Segregation

History of Education Quarterly ◽

10.1017/heq.2018.16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 392-419

Author(s):

Sara Doolittle

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

School System ◽

School Segregation ◽

Active Resistance ◽

Racial Hierarchy ◽

Economic Opportunities ◽

Legal Challenge ◽

History Of ◽

Oklahoma Territory ◽

John Wilson

Between 1889 and 1890, John Wilson and his family were among nearly three thousand African American settlers to enter Oklahoma Territory, where Wilson's two daughters first attended an integrated school. The Wilson family was undoubtedly drawn by the educational and economic opportunities that were present in the fluid space—opportunities that did not always exist elsewhere in the country. Yet the territorial legislature sought to narrow those opportunities, which it did by segregating the schools. Wilson and his family did not accept this limitation and fought back through both the courts and active resistance. This article examines that first legal challenge to the segregated school system: Territory ex rel. Wilson v. Marion et al. This case informs not only our understanding of the durability of racism in an actively contested western space but also the forms of African American resistance to the reactivation of racial hierarchy.

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Public Authority and Local Resistance: Abdur Rehman and the industrial workers of Lahore, 1969–1974

Modern Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0026749x16000469 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 815-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ANUSHAY MALIK

Keyword(s):

Turning Point ◽

Industrial Workers ◽

Military Rule ◽

Working Classes ◽

People's Party ◽

Local Structures ◽

Success Stories ◽

Eventual Return ◽

History Of ◽

Resistance Movement

AbstractIn 1968 a popular movement emerged on the streets of Pakistan which toppled the regime of General Muhammad Ayub Khan and ushered in the Pakistan People's Party (PPP). After a decade of military rule this movement was heralded as a turning point in the country's political fortunes. However, the war in 1971, the failure of the PPP to live up to its radical slogans, and Pakistan's eventual return to military rule in 1977 were seen as clear indications of the failure of both the movement and the PPP. This article focuses on the area of Kot Lakhpat in Lahore and the emergence of a worker-led court under Abdur Rehman to argue that this narrative of the failure of the movement does not leave space for local success stories which, while temporary, had an important impact on the role that the working classes imagined for themselves within the state. The Kot Lakhpat movement was part of a longer history of labour politics, and its story challenges the centrality of the PPP and shows how local structures of authority can be formed in response to the greater space for radical action opened up by a wider national resistance movement.

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