The Pollution of Outer Space, in Particular of the Geostationary Orbit: Scientific, Policy and Legal Aspects. By G. C. M. Reijnen and W. de Graaff. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989. Pp. xxii, 163. Dfl.125; $67.50; £39.

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-629
Author(s):  
Carl Q. Christol
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Geostationary Orbit ◽  
Scientific Policy

scholarly journals Geostationary Belt – State’s Territory or Province of Mankind?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Rafał Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Geostationary Orbit ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Space Law ◽  
Special Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract The geostationary orbit is a special area in outer space. Because of its distinctive characteristics, it has constantly been the subject of economic and political desirability. Space powers, taking advantage of their technological superiority and rules applied by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) retained a privileged position. Developing countries, responding to this state of affairs, have taken a number of measures to improve their positions. Some of them posed a challenge to the main regulation of space law (Bogota declaration was an attempt to exercise a national sovereignty over the segments of the geostationary orbit), some are based on the use of the legal gaps in ITU regulations. Given these circumstances, the specific case of geostationary belt contributes to the debate on the regulations governing space exploration.

scholarly journals Space Traffic Management (STM) – Legal Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Polkowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Security Regulations ◽  
Space Activities

Space Traffic Management (STM) is a new concept referring to space activities. The highest priority is the safety and security of outer space and all conducted operations. There is no definition of STM. There is an urgent need to regulate STM providing safety and security regulations at the international, regional, and national levels. Because there is no STM definition, the regulator might use the example of existing regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organization on Air Traffic Management (ATM). European EUSST is a good example of being a “precursor” of STM. However, many questions are still open regarding specific regulations needed to create an STM system, such as at which level they should be made: globally, regionally, or nationally.

scholarly journals Space resources activities from the perspective of sustainability: legal aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahulena Hofmann ◽  
Federico Bergamasco
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Legal Perspective

Non-technical abstract The new forms of the use of outer space, such as space resources activities, not only will provide a vital contribution to research and industry, but could also entail a negative impact to the space environment. The present article aims at discussing from a legal perspective crucial problems such as how we shall ensure that the entities active in the area of space resources take environmental concerns into account, how we shall ensure that they utilize the best possible and least invasive technology and whether they should restore the ‘mining’ area when finishing their tasks.

scholarly journals Small Satellites: National Regulatory Challenges

Teisė ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
Asta Tūbaitė-Stalauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
National Space ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Model Law ◽  
Space Activities ◽  
Debris Mitigation

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] This article analyses the regulation of space activities, especially small satellites activities. Its purpose is to analyse the relevant international legal framework and discuss the possible future national space legislation in Lithuania. It has been divided into two chapters. Chapter 1 summarises the relevant international space law and addresses essential aspects related to the authorisation of space activities, registration of objects launched into outer space, liability issues, insurance requirements and debris mitigation issues. Chapter 2 deals with reasons to adopt the national space legislation in Lithuania and discusses what legal aspects should be covered by the national law in order to guarantee balance between the regulation and promotion of small satellite activities. Finally, it includes the Model Law on the Promotion of National Space Activities and the Establishment of a National Space Registry of the Republic of Lithuania.

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