Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo i Mezdunarodnoe Pravo 1917–1947 (OPYT Istoriko-Pravovogo Issledovaniya) [The Soviet State and International Law 1917–1947 (An Attempt at Historical-Legal Research)]. By F. I. Kozhevnikov. Moscow: 1948. pp. 376. 15 rubles.

1950 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
John N. Hazard
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Soviet State

Dispute Settlement of Diplomatic Relation Reviewed In International Law (Case Study of Spionageburning Australia on The President of Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Baiquni
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Final Settlement ◽  
First Time

<div><p class="abstract">The case of espionage or spying by Australia against Indonesia is not the first time, but there have been several attempts of espionage against Indonesia. This espionage act is an act of secretly collecting intelligence data in international relations in a country. In this paper, we discuss the wiretapping case and its resolution. This paper uses normative legal research with a qualitative approach. This paper examines the chronology of cases of tapping by Australia against Indonesia, wiretapping in human rights and international law, as well as the final settlement of tensions between Indonesia and Australia through an agreement on the Code of Conduct to normalize bilateral relations between the two countries.</p></div>

scholarly journals Hukum Internasional sebagai Alat Interpretasi dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Umbu Rauta ◽  
Ninon Melatyugra
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional Tradition ◽  
The Relationship

Tulisan ini ingin menjawab dua isu utama mengenai hubungan hukum internasional dan pengujian undang-undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi RI (MKRI). Isu pertama adalah legitimasi penggunaan hukum internasional sebagai alat interpretasi dalam pengujian undang-undang, sedangkan isu kedua adalah urgensi penguasaan hukum internasional oleh hakim MKRI. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan historis dalam menjelaskan perkembangan pengujian undang-undang di Indonesia sekaligus menemukan legitimasi penggunaan hukum internasional oleh MK RI. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini menegaskan bahwa hukum internasional memiliki sumbangsih yang penting dalam perannya sebagai alat interpretasi dalam proses pengujian undang-undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi, khususnya terkait hak asasi manusia. Justifikasi keabsahan praktik penggunaan hukum internasional tersebut ditarik dari tradisi ketatanegaraan yang secara implisit dikehendaki UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Manfaat positif yang diberikan hukum internasional nyatanya harus disertai juga dengan penguasaan hukum internasional oleh hakim MK RI supaya hukum internasional dapat digunakan secara tepat. Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini dibagi ke dalam empat sub bahasan inti yakni, pengujian undang-undang, penggunaan hukum internasional sebagai the interpretative tool dalam pengujian undang-undang oleh MK, legitimasi penggunaan hukum internasional sebagai the interpretative tool dalam pengujian undang-undang, pentingnya penguasaan hukum internasional oleh hakim MK.This article intentionally answers two principal issues regarding the relationship between international law and judicial review by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. The first issue is the legitimacy of international use as an interpretative tool in judicial review. The second issue talks about the necessity of urgent international law mastery by the Constitutional Court’s judges. This legal research utilizes both a conceptual approach and a historical approach to explain the development of judicial review in Indonesia, and to find legitimacy of international law by the Constitutional Court. The analysis in this article affirms that international law positively contributes as an interpretative tool in judicial review by the Constitutional Court, particularly pertaining to human rights. A justification of a legitimate international law use is withdrawn from constitutional tradition which is implicitly desired by the Indonesian Constitution (UUD NRI 1945). Since international law has provided better insights into norms, a mastery of international law should be encouraged. There are four main discussions in this article: judicial review, application of international law in judicial review process, legitimacy of international law application in judicial review, and the importance of international law mastering by Constitutional Court judges.

scholarly journals Konflik Antar Negara Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Vera Yanti Artega ◽  
Adwani Adwani ◽  
Sanusi Bintang
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Peaceful Settlement ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Inter State

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perlindungan hukum internasional terhadap negara yang disadap secara melawan hukum oleh negara lain dan menjelaskan metode penyelesaian sengketa yang dilakukan Indonesia dalam  menyelesaikan konflik antar negara akibat penyadapan yang dilakukan Australia terhadap Indonesia Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum internasional belum memberikan perlindungan yang cukup kepada negara yang disadap oleh negara lain. Adapun metode penyelesaian sengketa yang digunakan Indonesia dalam menyelesaikan kasus penyadapan dengan Australia adalah penyelesaian sengketa internasional secara damai melalui cara negosiasi. Oleh karena itu, peraturan mengenai penyadapan lintas negara harus segera dibentuk, sehingga perlindungan hukum terhadap negara yang disadap bisa dilakukan. Serta kedua negara harus membentuk code of conduct. Inter-State Conflict Under International Law International relation between two countries at some time could evoke problems which are caused by the cheating action of one party, such as interception resulting in conflict between them. This study aims to explain the protection of international law against countries that are illegally intercepted by other countries and explain the method of dispute settlement conducted by Indonesia in resolving inter-state conflicts resulting from Australian interception to Indonesia in 2013. This study uses a normative-juridical legal research method, by using legislation, case study , and conceptual approach with library data sources. The result shows that international law has not provided sufficient protection to countries intercepted or tapped by other countries. The method of dispute resolution used by Indonesia in solving wiretapping case with Australia is the peaceful settlement of international disputes through negotiation. Therefore, regulations concerning cross-country intercepting must be established immediately, thus legal protection of the tapped countries could be proceeded, and the two countries must establish a code of conduct.

scholarly journals LEGAL RIGHTS OF INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES: A CASE OF TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES RIVERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Omar Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Khadijah Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
International Water ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
International Conventions

This paper aims to examine Iraq’s rights, being the downstream country, towards the use of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and the extent to which international water resources are protected under international law. Being the downstream country, projects constructed on the banks of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers had significantly impacted Iraq as less water flows into the country. The discussion in this paper outlines principles of the existing international conventions and protocols in this area by adopting a doctrinal legal research approach which has great significance to understand the relevant substantive law through the analysis of legal rules, court judgments, and statutes. The paper concludes that historically, Iraq had an acquired right, a right confirmed by the international rules and principles, to share the usage of water from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers with the upstream countries comprising of Turkey, Syria, and Iran. This paper suggests that all riparian countries of the Tigris and the Euphrates should abide by the rules of international law and recognize Iraq’s historical water ratios of these rivers based on the principle of the acquired right under international law.

Understanding Diplomatic and Consular Inviolability—Learning from the Jamal Khashoggi Tragedy

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Bosch
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Growing Body

The tragic killing of Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi Consulate in Turkey has once again exposed the potential for abuse of privileges afforded diplomatic and consular missions. This incident, which involves torture and murder, occurred at a time when there was, and still is, a growing body of international jurisprudence that demands accountability for breaches of international law. These trends have seen a dilution in head-of-state immunity and increased calls for state responsibility in such instances. Understanding and interpreting the 1961 Vienna Conventions on consular and diplomatic inviolability, in light of these trends, will help to retain their relevance, foster growing accountability, and prevent breaches of international law. This is a piece of doctrinal legal research.

Criminal Law Politics: Corruption Eradication Strategy Through an Integrative Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Karlina Lina Apriani ◽  
Ahmad Raji Hidayat ◽  
Rato Eko Hendriyadi ◽  
Wahyu Hamdani ◽  
Surawijaya Surawijaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
International Law ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Eradication Strategy

The purpose of this research is to examine the politics of criminal law deeply in eradicating criminal law of corruption through an integrative approach. The method usingis normative legal research. Normative legal research methods or library research methods in legal research by reviewing existing legal materials. The integrative approach in overcoming corruption crime can be made integrally through two approaches, namely first, awareness between criminal politics and social politics directed to achieve particular objectives of the socio-political policies that have been set in order to achieve social welfare. Second, integration of efforts to tackle crime with penal and non-penal approach due to the reality of national law and the political facts of international law for enforcement on a national, regional, and global scale.

scholarly journals Legal Research Methodologies in European Union and International Law: Research Notes (Part 3)

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
Tamara Hervey ◽  
Rob Cryer ◽  
Bal Sokhi-Bulley
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Funded Project

This is the third and final part of a series of 'research note' articles looking at an AHRC funded project on the various research methodologies used by European Union and International Law researchers. The first part can be viewed at: http://www.jcer.net/ojs/index.php/jcer/article/view/50/53  and the second part can be viewed at: http://www.jcer.net/ojs/index.php/jcer/article/view/96/83

scholarly journals Intellectual Property and International Law: A Research Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Initial Question ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Ip Law

This chapter offers a framework for legal research that concerns or applies ‘international law’ concepts, perspectives, and methodologies to intellectual property (IP). The idea is to discuss how research questions related to IP can be framed from the standpoint of international law. This begs an initial question: what do we mean by ‘international law’ and how does this relate to IP? Section I tackles these questions by offering a range of possible views on the notion of international IP Law. Section II then considers how a multidimensional conception of international law can serve to frame research questions on IP. It also gives some more concrete examples of the diversity in adopting an international law approach to IP.

scholarly journals Tanggung Jawab Negara Asal Virus Covid-19 Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Internasional

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Nurjanah Nurjanah ◽  
Hifdhotul Munawaroh
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
International Court ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

The spread of the Covid-19 virus has been very massive almost all over the world, Covid-19 is a real threat to humans and countries because it causes some global losses and damage. The perceived losses have led several countries to sue China to be responsible and immediately be tried in an international court. This research aims to know, understand, and analyze the regulatory responsibilities of countries in Islamic law and international law perspective and whether or not the country of origin of the Covid-19 outbreak is held accountable for a global Covid-19. This research is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The results of this study explain that China could be held accountable if it met certain characteristics of the Covid-19 case, but it is not easy for China to be held accountable for this Covid-19 case which almost in several countries in the world

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF PRIVACY DATA THROUGH ENCRYPTION TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Thania Christy Corne
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Human Right ◽  
State Security ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Technological Developments

Technological developments in the era of globalization bring humans into the digital age. All things will directly contact with an electronic system. And so with the data, some of the data among this world is privacy. That’s why encryption is needed to be applied. Initially, encryption was used as a privacy data protector, but in its development encryption gave birth to problems in the legal field. Where criminals use encryption as a shield for their crimes. Therefore, legal issues arise, whether for reasons of government or state security can have access to one’s privacy data. How does international or national law regulate the issue of using decryption of encryption technology? The method used in this paper is a juridical-normative comparative legal research method. The result shows that international law does not regulate the use of encryption in protecting privacy data in the digital world comprehensively because some of the countries claim that the use of encryption is a part of human right, on the other hands some country has another vision on national security.

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