Reorganization and Improvement of the Foreign Service

1924 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-777
Author(s):  
J. W. Garner

By an act of Congress passed at the last session the United States has followed the example of a number of European states since the war and provided for the reorganization of its foreign service. The act was passed after long discussion and it embodies recommendations made by various recent Secretaries of State, including Mr. Bryan, Mr. Lansing, Mr. Colby,and Mr. Hughes; by Mr Wilbur J. Carr, formerly Director of the Consular Service and now an Assistant Secretary of State; by the Hon. John W.Davis, former ambassador to Great Britain, and other persons interested in the reform of the foreign service. The author of the act was the Hon.John J. Rogers of Massachusetts, to whose deep interest and untiring zeal the passage of the law was mainly due.

1913 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpheus Henry Snow

It is a truism that the science of law proper – the science dealing with the United States or the law of Great Britain, one finds the whole science based on the fact of the existence of a political society known as the United States or Great Britain, which formulates, applies and enforces the law which governs these nations in their internal relations. When one enters upon the study of what is called international law, one finds himself expected to accept as a fundamental proposition that there is no political society which formulates, applies and enforces the law which he is told governs all nations in their external relations, and that this law is formulated, applied and enforced among or between the nations. This difference in fundamentals leads to corresponding differences in the derivative notions. Practitioners of law proper take little or no interest in what is called international law. From their point of view, that which is called international law is only a collection of the rules of a highly interesting game, success in which depends largely upon “face ” and personality; nor can it be denied that there is much to justify this opinion. Students of law reflect the attitude of mind of the practitioner, and the great majority of students end their legal education when they finish the courses in national domestic law, giving no consideration to the law which governs the actions and relations of the nations.


Elements ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline N. Gelmi

Theatrical practices in the courtrooms of the United States and Great Britain are examined in this article. These practices are viewed specifically in relation to the concept of "staging the nation." This concept deals with the notion of the nation as an imaginary entity, an idea constructed through cultural practices. Theater plays a strong role in the workings of the imagined nation. Yet, theatrical practices, outside of the offical theater, operate in many of the institutions that comprise soceity. The law, as a foundational institution, contains theatrical elements that aid in the "rehearsal" of the nation. Explorations of the idea of an imagined nation, the representations of national identity in the thater, and the presence of theatricality in the courtroom are synthesized in a study that seeks to elucidate the possible functions and purposes of theatricality in the law.


Author(s):  
Elena Markova

The article analyses the legal characteristics of the criminal laws of foreign States belonging to the Anglo-Saxon legal family (in the case of Great Britain and the United States of America) with regard to criminal liability for crimes committed by electronic means of payment. The peculiarities of this legal family are noted, which affect the position of the legislator with regard to the regulation of cybercrime, including the legal nature of criminal law; The importance of resolutions of the Royal (Westminster) Courts, the Supreme Court on the constitutionality or unconstitutional nature of ordinary («current») laws (USA), in Canada, Australia and other English-speaking States, in which acts of the highest courts on identical subjects have acquired special importance. Problems affecting criminal legislation have been identified: the de facto absence of systematic rules on the limits of the criminal law; There are contradictions between the written sources of criminal law (in particular with regard to fraud and computer crimes; Recognition of the interpretation of the law by sources of criminal law, etc.). It is noted that there is no Criminal Code in the UK, however, issues of criminal liability for computer crimes are regulated at the level of written law: in the Law on Computer Crimes the adoption of which was facilitated by the judicial precedent of 1988 (R v Gold & Schifreen), in the Law on Fraud of 2006, which classifies the elements of crimes committed in the form of fraudulent fraud. The peculiarities of the criminal law of the United States, which like Great Britain, does not have a codified system of criminal law at the federal level, are noted. An analysis of the two-tier legal system of the United States, the peculiarities of criminal liability for cybercrime in certain states, including FOR theft and fraud by the use of payment cards, has been carried out.


Author(s):  
Amanda L. Tyler

During the American Revolution, the treatment of the American “rebels” fighting for independence posed a series of difficult questions about the reach and framework of British law. The centerpiece of the legal calculus governing the detention of prisoners during the war—both in Great Britain and in the United States—remained the English Habeas Corpus Act of 1679. The war also confirmed the Act’s limitations on two scores. First, well before Americans declared independence, the British government had denied the Act’s application in the colonies, thereby taking the position that its geographic sweep did not follow British rule wherever it went. Second, during the war, Parliament suspended the Act’s application to Americans held on English soil. With independence, however, Parliament permitted the suspension to lapse and treated the American rebels as prisoners of war whose rights would be governed by the law of nations.


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