We might have thought that the concept of nerves ended in 1957 when the United States Post Office Department initiated a fraud proceeding against John Winters of New York City, who had been promoting a product called Orbacine containing bromide and niacin for “every-day nervousness and its symptoms.” Although Winters’ claims went a bit beyond nerves, the Post Office wanted an end to the whole business and Orbacine disappeared. But the concept of nerves had enemies other than the Post Office. Three in particular had tried to do away with it: psychoanalysis, psychopharmacology, and the DSM series. All failed to kill it completely, and the concept lingers on because of its obvious face value: Our patients clearly have a nervous illness or something resembling it. They do not have a “mood disorder.” In medicine the nervous syndrome, the condition that dare not speak its name, has taken on various allures. Once upon a time, hysteria was the equivalent of a nervous diagnosis in women. There were physicians who had little patience with calling their former hysteric patients “depressed”: They remained hysteric! Jacques Frei, a member of the department of psychiatry of the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, noted in 1984 “the importance that depressive symptomatology has taken today as a call for help among female hysterics. . . . It seems that the hysterical woman today has a better chance of a hearing if she presents with a depressive picture, even evoking suicidal ideas.” Although hysteria today is discredited as a diagnosis, it is interesting that older clinicians such as Frei saw it as a diagnosis that trumped depression; he even argued that his patients at Cery Hospital were modeling their symptoms to conform to the new diagnoses. The 1950s and 1960s saw alternative diagnoses to the nervous syndrome come and go, fragments of clinical experience that seemed to make sense to individual physicians but were not more widely taken up because their originators did not have prestigious academic appointments. Take “the housewife syndrome” that Palma Formica proposed in 1962.
Trapped in the Land of Liberty: Monika Maron’s Animal Triste (1996)