War from the Top: German and British Military Decision Making During World War II.

ABSTRACT:The process of making decisions about cities during the bombing of World War II, in its immediate aftermath and in the early post-war years remains a phenomenon that is only partly understood. The bombing left many church buildings damaged or destroyed across the UK. The Church of England's churches within the City of London, subject to a complex progression of deliberations, debates and decisions involving several committees and commissions set up by the bishop of London and others, are used to review the process and product of decision-making in the crisis of war. Church authorities are shown to have responded to the immediate problem of what to do with these sites in order most effectively to provide for the needs of the church as an organization, while simultaneously considering other factors including morale, culture and heritage. The beginnings of processes of consulting multiple experts, if not stakeholders, can be seen in this example of an institution making decisions under the pressures of a major crisis.

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De moeilijke voorwaarden voor een democratisch partijcongres

Res Publica ◽

10.21825/rp.v45i1.18425 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 5-34

Author(s):

Wilfried Dewachter

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

World War Ii ◽

Democratic Party ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

World War ◽

Party Leadership ◽

Natural Tendency ◽

Participatory Observation

Although communication and discussion between rank and file members and the party leadership are at the heart of party congresses, most parties meet a lot of difficulties in organising truly democratie party conferences.The party leadership has a natural tendency to try to influence the decision-making process. In this article, we identify thirteen conditions fora democratic party conference. They vary from the decision whether or not to organise a conference, over the conference' s theme and the designation of the chair of the conference on to the electoral formula to accept amendments to the proposed resolutions (e.g.simple majority or two-third majority). The thirteen conditions stem from avery long and extensive participatory observation, combined with the analysis of numerous party conferences in Belgium, over the last couple of decades. This enables also to point out some shifting tendencies in the Belgian party congresses since World War II.

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Game Theory and Generalization in Ethics

The Review of Politics ◽

10.1017/s003467050000574x ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 491-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raymond F. Hopkins

Keyword(s):

Game Theory ◽

Decision Making ◽

World War Ii ◽

International Relations ◽

Political Science ◽

Rational Decision ◽

World War ◽

Broad Interest

SINCE World War II and particularly in the last decade game theory has acquired broad interest, attention, and application by behavioral scientists. Basically, game theory is an attempt to simulate mathematically a situation of decision-making so as to discover the most rational decision. Situations involving two or more “persons” (that is, sets of individuals, groups or environments with isomorphic interests and/or capabilities) can be simulated. Currently game theory is employed in both university and corporate research for studying problems in the areas of economics, sociology, political science, international relations, and militarydefense strategy.

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No Independence without Sovereignty! The Resistance of Emperor Ḫaylä Śǝllase I to the British Occupation of Ethiopia (1941–1944)

Aethiopica ◽

10.15460/aethiopica.13.1.38 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 46-74

Author(s):

Sterling Joseph Coleman, Jr.

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Cold War ◽

Developing World ◽

Military Occupation ◽

Colonial Rule ◽

World War ◽

Military Rule ◽

British Occupation ◽

Flexible Response ◽

British Military

This article examines how Emperor Ḫaylä Śǝllase I succeeded in removing the British military occupation of Ethiopia during World War II with only a minimum of bloodshed. It outlines the various strategies and tactics the Emperor of Ethiopia employed to regain control over his empire. The text also asserts that he engaged in a pre-Cold War variant of the policy of flexible response which permitted him to resist British military rule without provoking a violent response from his occupier. The text highlights a handful of the numerous tactics and strategies which were employed by indigenous leaders and their allies not only in Africa but also throughout the developing world to successfully resist European colonial rule during and after World War II.

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