Condition B and Baire 1 Generalized Derivatives

1995 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Udayan B. Darji ◽  
Michael J. Evans ◽  
Richard J. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Derivatives ◽  
Condition B

scholarly journals A Values Affirmation Intervention to Improve Female Residents' Surgical Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Salles ◽  
Claudia M. Mueller ◽  
Geoffrey L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Values Affirmation ◽  
Condition B

ABSTRACT  Female residents in surgical training may face stereotype threat. The awareness of negative stereotypes about surgical ability based on gender may heighten stress and thus reduce performance.Background  The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a brief stress-reducing writing exercise, known as a values affirmation, to mitigate the negative effects of stereotype threat on the performance of female surgical residents.Objective  This is a randomized, controlled trial in which 167 residents were invited to participate. A total of 45 resident volunteers, including 18 women, were randomized to the affirmation condition or the no-affirmation condition. We administered a values affirmation intervention and measured clinical evaluations data both prior to and 6 months after the intervention.Methods  Women benefited from the affirmation. Women who had participated in the affirmation exercise earned higher clinical evaluation scores than those in the control condition (B = 0.34, P < .05). For men, performance did not differ by affirmation condition (B = –0.20, P = .35).Results  Our findings suggest a benefit of values affirmation for women in surgical training, as measured by performance on clinical evaluations. This suggests that a brief psychological intervention may improve on-the-job performance for women in surgery, an underrepresented group.Conclusions

Short Term Retention of Sentences

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Boakes ◽  
B. Lodwick
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Digit Sequence ◽  
General Store ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Digit Recall ◽  
Condition B

A series of experiments was performed on the interaction between the short-term retention of sentences and of digits. In Experiment I a digit span method was used whereby subjects were presented with a sentence followed by a sequence of digits and were required either (a) to recall the sentence first and then the digits or (b) to recall the digits followed by the sentence. Under condition (a) prior recall of the sentence reduced the percentage of digit sequences correctly recalled, while under condition (b) retention of the sentence appeared to have no effect on digit recall. This last finding was confirmed in Experiment II, where the sentences varied both in grammatical complexity and length. In Experiment III the effect of prior recall of a sentence on the recall of digits was found to depend on the type of sentence used. A correlation was observed between the size of this effect and the time taken to recall a sentence. The rate of forgetting suggested by this observation was comparable to that obtained in Experiment IV, where subjects performed an intervening task that did not involve immediate memory for sentences in the interval between the presentation and recall of a six-digit sequence. It was concluded from these results that the short-term retention of sentences and of lists of items cannot be explained in terms of some general store of limited capacity.

scholarly journals Some Remarks on a Recent Paper by Borch

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Markham Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Measurable Transformation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Stop Loss ◽  
Condition B

In his recent paper, “An Attempt to Determine the Optimum Amount of Stop Loss Reinsurance”, presented to the XVIth International Congress of Actuaries, Dr. Karl Borch considers the problem of minimizing the variance of the total claims borne by the ceding insurer. Adopting this variance as a measure of risk, he considers as the most efficient reinsurance scheme that one which serves to minimize this variance. If x represents the amount of total claims with distribution function F (x), he considers a reinsurance scheme as a transformation of F (x). Attacking his problem from a different point of view, we restate and prove it for a set of transformations apparently wider than that which he allows.The process of reinsurance substitutes for the amount of total claims x a transformed value Tx as the liability of the ceding insurer, and hence a reinsurance scheme may be described by the associated transformation T of the random variable x representing the amount of total claims, rather than by a transformation of its distribution as discussed by Borch. Let us define an admissible transformation as a Lebesgue-measurable transformation T such thatwhere c is a fixed number between o and m = E (x). Condition (a) implies that the insurer will never bear an amount greater than the actual total claims. In condition (b), c represents the reinsurance premium, assumed fixed, and is equal to the expected value of the difference between the total amount of claims x and the total retained amount of claims Tx borne by the insurer.

scholarly journals Aqueous-phase photochemical oxidation and direct photolysis of vanillin – a model compound of methoxy-phenols from biomass burning

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 27641-27675
Author(s):  
Y. J. Li ◽  
D. D. Huang ◽  
H. Y. Cheung ◽  
A. K. Y. Lee ◽  
C. K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Direct Photolysis ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Reacting Mixtures ◽  
Condition B

Abstract. We present here experimental results on aqueous-phase (A) photochemical oxidation (with UV and OH radicals generated from H2O2 photolysis) and (B) direct photolysis (with only UV irradiation) of a methoxy-phenol, vanillin (VL), as a model compound from biomass burning. Both on-line aerosol mass spectrometric (AMS) characterization and off-line chemical analyses were performed. AMS analyses of dried atomized droplets of the bulk reacting mixtures showed that VL almost entirely evaporates during the drying process. Large amounts of organic mass remained in the particle phase after reactions under both conditions. Under condition (A), AMS measured organic mass first increased rapidly and then decreased, attributable to the formation of non-volatile products and subsequent formation of smaller and volatile products, respectively. The oxygen-to-carbon (O:C) ratio of the products reached 1.5 after about 80 min, but dropped substantially thereafter. In contrast, organic mass increased slowly under condition (B). The O:C ratio reached 1.0 after 180 min. In off-line analyses, small oxygenates were detected under condition (A), while hydroxylated products and dimers of VL were detected under condition (B). Particle hygroscopic growth factor (GF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of the reacting mixtures were found to be dependent on both organic volume fraction and the degree of oxygenation of organics. Results show that (1) aqueous-phase processes can lead to the retention of a large portion of the organic mass in the particle phase; (2) once retained, this portion of organic mass significantly changes the hygroscopicity and CCN activity of the aerosol particles; (3) intensive photochemical oxidation gave rise to an O:C ratio as high as 1.5 but the ratio decreased as further oxidation led to smaller and more volatile products; and (4) polymerization occurred with direct photolysis, resulting in high-molecular-weight products of a yellowish color. This study demonstrates that aqueous-phase reactions of a methoxy-phenol can lead to substantial amount of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Given the vast amount of biomass burning input globally, model representation of either the SOA budget or their subsequent effects would not be adequate if the contribution of SOA formation from aqueous-phase reactions of methoxy-phenols is not considered.

scholarly journals Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Warna Bagi Anak Tunagrahita Ringan Melalui Permainan Edukatif Puzzle di SLB Negeri 1 Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Gusni Rahma Yani ◽  
Asep Ahmad Sopandi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Color Recognition ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Puzzle Games ◽  
Condition B

This study aims to determine the ability of children to recognize color to mild retarded children at SLB Negeri 1 Padang because children still have difficulty on recognizing colors. This research tries to find out whether the educational puzzle game is effective to improve the ability to recognize color in mild retarded children or not. The type of research method uses single subject research using A-B-A design. The test uses an action test that asks children to name, show and match the colors (red, yellow, green and blue). After analyzing data, the results obtained at baseline A1, children’s ability to recognize colors increases slowly. Furthermore, the condition B of the child is given a color recognition treatment using an educational puzzle game, in this condition the child’s ability to recognize color increases significantly. After that, in the A2 baseline, observations were made after treatment was given through an educational puzzle game, the child’s ability to recognize colors in this condition was good. From these results, educative puzzle games can improve children’s ability to recognize colors.  

scholarly journals How to model honeybee population dynamics: stage structure and seasonality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Komi Messan ◽  
Marisabel Rodriguez Messan ◽  
Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman ◽  
Dingyong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Life History Parameter ◽  
Honeybee Population ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Theoretical And Numerical Analysis ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Condition B

Western honeybees (Apis Mellifera) serve extremely important roles in our ecosystem and economics as  they are responsible for pollinating $ 215 billion dollars annually over the world.  Unfortunately,  honeybee population and their colonies have been declined dramatically. The purpose of this article is to explore how we should model honeybee population with age structure and validate the model using empirical data so that we can identify different factors that lead to the survival and healthy of the honeybee colony.  Our theoretical study combined with simulations and data validation suggests that the proper age structure incorporated in the model  and seasonality are important for modeling honeybee population.  Specifically, our work implies that the model assuming that (1) the adult bees are survived from the egg population rather than the brood population; and (2) seasonality in the queen egg laying rate, give the better fit than other honeybee models. The related theoretical and numerical analysis of the most fit model indicate that (a) the survival of honeybee colonies requires a large queen egg-laying rate and smaller values of the other life history parameter values in addition to proper initial condition; (b) both brood and adult bee populations are increasing with respect to the increase in the egg-laying rate and the decreasing in other parameter values; and (c) seasonality may promote/suppress the survival of the honeybee colony. 

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