To Work or Not to Work: The Differential Impact of Achieved and Derived Status upon the Political Participation of Women, 1956-1976

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen L. McDonagh
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Participation Of Women

Creating Gendered Images of the Soldier Figure in Literary Works

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Female Soldier

The fourth chapter operates as a deviation from the previous chapter by looking at a literary perspective of the soldier image through works by writers with direct army or combat experiences. Moreover, this chapter also aims to examine how these writers managed to assert their own influence as social critics, to achieve personal independence, and to advocate for women’s political participation. Xu offers a close reading of three different literary works, including one by a female soldier who had studied at Whampoa Military Academy, in order to critically inspect the gendered images of soldiers and advocate for the participation of women within the political and social sphere of the time.

scholarly journals Mecanismos de representación política en las democracias latinoamericanas: las cuotas electorales de género

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Roberto Álvarez San Martín
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
America Latina

Resumen: A partir de cifras y hechos planteados por PNUD, CEPAL, FLACSO Chile e INSTRAW sobre la participación política de las mujeres, se realiza una revisión de los debates, aplicaciones y efectos de las cuotas electorales de género en América latina. Se toman en cuenta las diferentes barreras que deben sortear las mujeres en la arena política, y se analizan la definición, alcances y argumentos en pro y en contra de las cuotas electorales de género. Se analiza este mecanismo a partir de los casos de Argentina y Costa Rica, los más exitosos en términos de resultados; mientras México evidencia el impacto incremental de las cuotas en la representación femenina, Perú pone en evidencia la influencia de la fuerte tradición presidencialista. Brasil es un caso paradigmático, que representaría el fracaso de las cuotas de género. Se concluye que, salvo Argentina, las otras democracias sólo han podido acelerar el proceso de inclusión real de mujeres en los procesos eleccionarios, pero sin que los resultados sean realmente compatibles con lo esperado. Las mujeres latinoamericanas, con cuotas o sin ellas, siguen estando sub-representadas en los espacios de participación política.Palabras clave: Participación política femenina, cuotas electorales de género, mecanismos de representación política.Abstract: On the basis of data and facts put forth by UN, CEPAL, FLACSO Chile e INSTRAW about the political participation of women, this article analyzes the debates about the application and effects of electoral gender quotas in Latin America. The barriers to women’s political participation are taken into account, analyzing the definition, reach and arguments for and against gender quotas. The cases of Argentina and Costa Rica, the most successful in results, are analyzed. While Mexico shows the increased impact of quotas, Peru makes evident the influence of the strong presidential tradition. Brazil is a paradigmatic case, representing the failure of gender quotes. In conclusion, save for Argentina, other democracies have only accelerated the process of women’s inclusion in election processes, but without results compatible with expectations. Latin American women, with out without quotas, are underrepresented in the spaces of political participation.Key words: feminine political participation, electoral gender quotas, mechanisms of political representation.

scholarly journals Partisipasi Politik Perempuan Perspektif Hukum Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Sri Warjiyati
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Participation Of Women

Abstract: This article discusses political participation of women from the perspective of Islamic law.  In paricular, it will highlights a women political organization called KPPI (Kaukus Politik Perempuan Indonesia or Indonesian political women caucus).  There are obstacles and challenges for improving women political participation due to personal, internal and external issues. For personal issues, the political awareness for women is relatively low which needs improvement. For internal perspective, not all available political parties gives space and opportunity for women political development, whereas externally, the improvement of women political participation is so limited that they do not participate in politics and do politics correctly. Islam provides equal opportunity for men and women in politics. This can be seen in many sex-neutral injunctions in the Holy Qur’an which commands amar ma’ruf nahi munkar (promote the good and prevent the evil).  This command encompasses all aspects of life, including politics and state issues. Women are also responsible in this respect. Based on that, Islam provide ground for women to actively in politics. Keywords: women political participation, Islamic Law   Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang partisipasi politik perempuan perspektif hukum Islam. Partisipasi politik perempuan di Indonesia tergabung pada Kaukus Politik Perempuan Indonesia (KPPI). Terdapat berbagai hambatan dan tantangan dalam upaya peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan, baik secara personal, internal maupun eksternal. Secara personal, kesadaran berpolitik bagi perempuan relatif masih rendah, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan. Dari sisi internal, belum semua partai memberikan ruang dan kesempatan bagi pengembangan politik perempuan, sedangkan secara eksternal, peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan masih mengalami banyak keterbatasan, sehingga perempuan masih relatif rendah untuk masuk dalam politik dan berpolitik secara benar. Islam memberikan kesempatan kepada kaum perempuan yang berkecimpung dalam kegiatan politik, ini bisa terlihat pada banyak ayat dalam al-Qur’an yang memerintahkan amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Ini berlaku untuk segala macam kegiatan, tidak terkecuali dalam bidang politik dan kenegaraan. Perempuan juga turut bertanggungjawab dalam hal ini. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perempuan dalam Islam juga memiliki hak untuk berpartisipasi dalam politik. Kata Kunci: partisipasi, politik, perempuan, hukum Islam.

scholarly journals Iraqi Woman Political situation in Quota Framework after 2003

2019 ◽  
pp. 421-438
Author(s):  
م.م.انور اسماعيل خليل
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Women In Parliament ◽  
The Government

Abstract Since 2003. Iraq has begun a new phase in its modern history, which was after a long period of tyranny, repression of freedom of expression, and women were no better off than men; they suffered marginalization and exclusion, but after the fall of the former regime and the adoption of a parliamentary system of government, The level of participation in the government; where it approved the share of women in the legislative authority called "quota" which reflects the legislative level of a certain proportion of the seats in Parliament, amounting to 25%, and this is approved by the Iraqi constitution for 2005. But it is noticeable that women in parliament did not work within the quota; in other words they belonged to the political parties or blocs, and therefore their decisions were not independent of these parties or blocks and the women serve independently, and did not succeed any attempt to form a unified feminist bloc within Parliament, reflect their political orientation, and on the other hand, the parties to which these women belong did not have a role in leading any of their women electoral lists, as well as the presidency of a party or bloc, and this of course may be due to several reasons, the most important: those values or community Altawilat Which prevent women from taking over Leadership, and other reasons, but it is generally observed that there is inequality in favor of the subsequent phase after 2003. From the previous that there is an escalation towards this political participation in general as well as its share in the seats in parliament, "quota." This has been addressed in the framework of the two studies that are starting from the study because of the existence of a research problem, centered on the following question: Is the woman, has been able to invest the approved percentage of "quota" within the political processThe first topic and the scientific necessity dealt with several issues. First, the concept of political participation, especially the political participation of women, which touched upon several definitions, can give a clear picture of this concept. The second, The participation of women political, in terms of those conventions and international conventions and treaties that approved this participation, and the system of kota, the third topic, has dealt with the politicalparticipation of Iraqi women in the permanent Iraqi constitution in 2005. The second topic dealt with the reality of such participation in the framework of parliament authority after 2003. The conclusion was to answer the research question that was behind the Study

scholarly journals CRIMINAL PROTECTION THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN، A FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT: PARTICIPATION IN ELECTIONS AS A MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 163-186
Author(s):  
Bushra Salman Hussain AL-OBAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Criminal Protection ◽  
Women's Political Participation

The protection of women's political participation is a fundamental issue for the advancement of women around the world and for the advancement of all mankind, according to what was stated in the Beijing Declaration. The international community believes that women are affected, just like any man, by the challenges facing humanity in the twenty-first century, whether with regard to development. Economic and social, or with regard to peace and security, but that women are often the most affected by these challenges and therefore must participate in decision-making processes in all areas with equal force and the same numbers. There is no policy more important than the political empowerment of women in preventing the outbreak of conflicts or in achieving reconciliation after the end of the conflict. With the increasing political participation of women, they still represent a small percentage in the higher and leadership ranks, which help in influencing the process of enacting laws and legislation in favor of women and their equality in society.In spite of Iraq’s commitment to international conventions that guarantee women's political rights, women have not formed an effective force in parliament or political parties and are still absent from leadership positions in the country in spite the emphasis on their participation, on an equal footing with men due to security, political, social and economic threats. Its Rise to the ranks of crimes, it is a serious obstacle to their political participation, criminal protection for women's political participation and its impact on their human rights. For women's political participation and its impact on their human rights. Research objectives/promote women's political participation by securing an effective criminal policy against threats to their political participation and activating the implementation of legal texts that criminalize these threats, as well as enacting penal texts to criminalize other acts that do not find criminal coverage for them within the legislation in force, which in turn will constitute protection for women in The scope of their exercise of their political rights, as well as deterring the perpetrators of these threats or those who are begging to commit them. The introductory plan/includes an introduction, and an investigation that deals with studying the nature of political participation of women and their criminal protection and definition, their characteristics and conditions, as well as the forms of crimes that are electoral crimes and their clarification of their position in the laws in force of what is covered by these laws, as well as an explanation of what are actually electoral crimes but need legislative cover. Then we conclude the research with our findings and recommendations.

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