Migration to the Seattle Labor Market Area, 1940-1942.

Abstract The aim of the paper is to analyse if and in which way specialization, geographical localization and spill-over effects affect resilience. The research is carried out using LLMAs (Local Labor Market Areas) as observational unit and spatial data analysis techniques (Anselin 1999, LeSage & Pace, 2009) in Italy. Resilience literature focalized its attention on regions. Despite this, there is no general agreement regarding the most appropriate observation unit. Our aim is not only to investigate the relationship between specialization and resilience at smaller scale using the LLMAs as observation unit but also to explore the spatial relationship among them. Results highlight a strong spatial correlation among LLMAs. As consequence resilience is not only influenced by specialization but also by geographical localization through spill-over effects. JEL Classifications: R10, R12, C23, C33 Spatial analysis; Resilience; Labor Market Area; Italy

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The Influence of University R & D Expenditures on New Business Formations and Employment Growth

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice ◽

10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00187.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 543-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Bruce A. Kirchhoff ◽

Scott L. Newbert ◽

Iftekhar Hasan ◽

Catherine Armington

Keyword(s):

Development Process ◽

Employment Growth ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Local Economy ◽

Market Area ◽

New Firms ◽

Employment Level ◽

New Business ◽

New Firm ◽

Labor Market Area

Since new firms generally lack the resources necessary to compete with their larger, older counterparts in the knowledge development process, we argue that they often rely on spillovers to fuel their own innovative efforts. Thus, we hypothesize that new firms will tend to form in areas characterized by high levels of university research and development (R & D) expenditures and that these births will in turn stimulate the local economy by generating increases in employment level and growth. We test our hypotheses at the U.S. labor market area level using secondary data from various government sources for the years 1990 through 1999. Our results demonstrate that university R & D expenditures are positively related to new firm formations, and that these new firm formations are positively related to employment level and change. These findings suggest that university R & D expenditures are an important indirect contributor to overall economic growth by encouraging primary and secondary firm births.

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