Question Form and Context Effects in the Measurement of Partisanship: Experimental Tests of the Artifact Hypothesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Bishop ◽  
Alfred J. Tuchfarber ◽  
Andrew E. Smith ◽  
Paul R. Abramson ◽  
Charles W. Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Question Form

Previous articles in this Review, including a Controversy in 1992, debated the comparability of alternative forms of the question about partisanship asked in Gallup and Michigan SRC surveys. Bishop, Tuchfarber and Smith contribute to this debate by reporting and analyzing evidence from 15 experimental surveys in Ohio in 1991–1993. They conclude that the distribution of partisan loyalties will generally be the same whether one uses the Gallup or Michigan Survey Research Center question and that, contrary to findings of Abramson and Ostrom, the Gallup form is no more responsive to short-term political forces than its SRC counterpart. In response, Abramson and Ostrom agree that during many time periods there will be little difference between aggregate levels of macropartisanship regardless of which measure is used. But they argue that during periods of political volatility the Gallup approach will accentuate differences, while the SRC version will attenuate them.

Macropartisanship: An Empirical Reassessment

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Abramson ◽  
Charles W. Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
National Election ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The U.S

To evaluate the comparability of the Gallup and Michigan Survey Research Center measures for studying levels of partisanship among the U.S. electorate we compare the overtime distribution of partisanship and the correlates of partisanship using the results of Gallup surveys, the National Election Studies, and the General Social Surveys. Compared with the Gallup results, both the other two surveys reveal less short-term variation and also less total variation. Compared with the Gallup results, the National Election Studies partisanship results are less related to short-term electoral outcomes and do not appear to be strongly driven by short-term economic and political evaluations. Our analyses suggest that scholars should be cautious about using Gallup results to revise conclusions based upon analyses that employ the Michigan Survey Research Center party identification measure.

scholarly journals Discontinuities in a Transverse Velocity Profile of a Valley Glacier Measured by Photogrammetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kick
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Block Motion ◽  
Valley Glacier ◽  
Unit Block ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Shear Planes

The surface movement of part of a Nanga Parbat (Himalaya) glacier immediately below an ice fall has been investigated by terrestrial stereophotogrammetry. This method provides an opportunity of measuring many more points than by using other procedures. The shape of the transverse velocity profile indicated normal stream-like flow and not “blockschollen movement”, as might have been expected, because of its high velocity (45 cm/d). But, one feature of the ice fall above had been carried down-glacier to the location of the profile; namely, several discontinuities along the velocity diagram. The ice fall had transmitted a small part of its splitting into seracs to the flatter area below, but not its blockschollen movement. There seems to be a contradiction in that on one side there are discontinuities, i.e. the glacier is torn up into blocks by shear planes, but on the other side the glacier moves en bloc. In fact, a short-term investigation over hours or just a few days discloses cracks but, after time periods of a week or more, these irregularities compensate for one another so that they merge into a single unit block motion.

Purchasing behaviour and supplier base evolution – a longitudinal case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dubois ◽  
Lars-Erik Gadde ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Time Periods

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the evolution of the supplier base of a buying firm and the reasons behind these changes. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a case study of the changes over 52 years in a sub-set of the supplier base of a firm manufacturing fork-lifts. Findings The study shows that some relationships feature substantial longevity. However, the duration of one-third of the total relationships is shorter than five years. There was considerable variation over time in the dynamics of the supplier base in terms of entries and exits of suppliers. Owing to this variation, research findings and conclusions in short-term studies are heavily dependent on the specific conditions at the time of the study. Finally, no less than one-fourth of the terminated supplier relationships were reactivated later. Research limitations/implications The study was designed in a time when purchasing was considered entirely from the perspective of the buying firm. Further studies, therefore, must increasingly emphasise the role of suppliers and the interaction in the buyer–supplier relationships, as well as the embeddedness in networks. Originality/value The findings of the study are unique in two ways. First, they are based on systematic observations over more than 50 years. Second, the study involves the purchases of 11 components representing different technical and economic features. The (few) previous studies are based on much shorter time periods and involves fewer suppliers/components. Moreover, the findings regarding re-activation of terminated relationships represent unique contributions.

Index of Consumer Sentiment: Applicability at the Local Level and Sensitivity to Socioeconomic Status

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
Samuel Mudd ◽  
Douglas Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Consumer Sentiment ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Local Sample

The five standard items of the Survey Research Center Index of Consumer Sentiment were administered to a local sample of households in May of two successive years by relatively untrained interviewers. The resulting values were found to be sensitive to differences in socioeconomic status and reflected changes in value from 1975 to 1976 that could be related meaningfully to the conventional values based on quarterly, national samples. It was suggested that the local and sub-population utility of the index could be pursued using frequent small sample surveys requiring less highly trained interviewers than those used for national surveys.

Long-Term Interaction

2011 ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Christoph Haffner ◽  
Thorsten Völkel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Interactive Television ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Potential Impact

This chapter introduces the application of concepts for long-term interaction to support long-term relationship in the interactive television (iTV) domain. While classical interaction concepts cover short-term interaction cycles only, theoretical models for long-term interaction and relationships deal with time periods exceeding the human short-term working memory. The user must be supported by memory cues to resume interrupted long-term interactions immediately. The iTV domain offers many long-term interaction scenarios in the context of establishing long-term relationships of recipients and broadcasters. The authors adopt concepts for long-term interaction towards iTV and develop a basic classification of long-term interaction. Three scenarios within the iTV domain illustrate the potential impact for the design of iTV applications.

Effect of Short-Term Fixation on Perceived Size of a Circle

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1217-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen P. Sjostrom ◽  
Robert H. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Size ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male College ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
Time Periods

The apparent size of a circle was measured after it was fixated by 2 male college Ss for periods from 50 msec. to 10,000 msec. The circle shrank for practically all time periods. The amount of the shrinkage increased to 6,000 msec. for S2 and 8,000 msec. for S1. It is possible that fixation effects influence the apparent size of various visual phenomena.

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