Policing Multi-Ethnic Neighborhoods: The Miami Study and Findings for Law Enforcement in the United States.

In an extraordinary and highly controversial 5-4 decision, the United States Supreme Court decided on June 30, 1980, that the United States Constitution does not require either the federal government or the individual states to fund medically necessary abortions for poor women who qualify for Medicaid.At issue in this case is the constitutionality of the Hyde Amendment. The applicable 1980 version provides:|N]one of the funds provided by this joint resolution shall be used to perform abortions except where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term; or except for such medical procedures necessary for the victims of rape or incest when such rape or incest has been reported promptly to a law enforcement agency or public health service, (emphasis supplied)

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Racializing Crimmigration

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity ◽

10.1177/2332649216648714 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 82-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Amada Armenta

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

The United States ◽

Immigration Enforcement ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Local Law Enforcement ◽

Local Jail ◽

Colorblind Ideology ◽

Local Actors ◽

Local Law

Deporting “criminal aliens” has become the highest priority in American immigration enforcement. Today, most deportations are achieved through the “crimmigration” system, a term that describes the convergence of the criminal justice and immigration enforcement systems. Emerging research argues that U.S. immigration enforcement is a “racial project” that subordinates and racializes Latino residents in the United States. This article examines the role of local law enforcement agencies in the racialization process by focusing on the techniques and logics that drive law enforcement practices across two agencies, I argue that local law enforcement agents racialize Latinos by punishing illegality through their daily, and sometimes mundane, practices. Investigatory traffic stops put Latinos at disproportionate risk of arrest and citation, and processing at the local jail subjects unauthorized immigrants to deportation. Although a variety of local actors sustain the deportation system, most do not see themselves as active participants in immigrant removal and they explain their behavior through a colorblind ideology. This colorblind ideology obscures and naturalizes how organizational practices and laws converge to systematically criminalize and punish Latinos in the United States.

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Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2954186 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 493-517

Author(s):

Marian Nash (Leich)

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

International Law ◽

The United States ◽

People’S Republic Of China ◽

People's Republic Of China ◽

Republic Of China ◽

The Government ◽

Contemporary Practice

On March 3,1997, President William J. Clinton transmitted to the Senate for its advice and consent to ratification as a treaty the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong for the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders, signed at Hong Kong on December 20,1996. In his letter of transmittal, President Clinton pointed out that, upon its entry into force, the Agreement would “enhance cooperation between the law enforcement communities of the United States and Hong Kong, and … provide a framework and basic protections for extraditions after the reversion of Hong Kong to the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China on July 1, 1997.” The President continued: Given the absence of an extradition treaty with the People’s Republic of China, this Treaty would provide the means to continue an extradition relationship with Hong Kong after reversion and avoid a gap in law enforcement. It will thereby make a significant contribution to international law enforcement efforts.The provisions of this Agreement follow generally the form and content of extradition treaties recently concluded by the United States. In addition, the Agreement contains several provisions specially designed in light of the particular status of Hong Kong. The Agreement’s basic protections for fugitives are also made expressly applicable to fugitives surrendered by the two parties before the new treaty enters into force.

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Building Bridges Between Researchers and Police Practitioners in Small and Midsize Law Enforcement Agencies in the United States

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice ◽

10.1177/1043986221999882 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104398622199988

Author(s):

Janice Iwama ◽

Jack McDevitt ◽

Robert Bieniecki

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

The United States ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Local Police ◽

Police Agencies

Although partnerships between researchers and police practitioners have increased over the last few decades in some of the largest police agencies in the United States, very few small agencies have engaged in a partnership with a researcher. Of the 18,000 local police agencies in the United States, small agencies with less than 25 sworn officers make up about three quarters of all police agencies. To support future collaborations between researchers and smaller police agencies, like those in Douglas County, Kansas, this article identifies challenges that researchers can address and explores how these relationships can benefit small police agencies across the United States.

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Force, Fraud, and Coercion—What Do They Mean? A Study of Victimization Experiences in a New Destination Latino Sex Trafficking Network

Feminist Criminology ◽

10.1177/1557085116676886 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 456-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lauren Copley Sabon

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Social Constructionism ◽

Sex Trafficking ◽

The United States ◽

Social Forces ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Latina Immigrants ◽

Strict Interpretation ◽

New Destination

In response to increasing Latino new destination migration in the United States, Latino sex trafficking networks have emerged in many of these areas. This article examines victimization experiences of Latina immigrants trafficked by a regional network operating in the Eastern United States drawn from law enforcement records and interviews with legal actors involved in the criminal case. The stories shared with law enforcement by the Latina victims gives insight into their lives, experiences in prostitution, and the operation of a trafficking/prostitution network (all lacking in the literature). Through the analytical frame of social constructionism, this research highlights how strict interpretation of force, fraud, coercion, and agency used to define “severe forms of trafficking” in the TVPA limits its ability to recognize many victimization experiences in trafficking situations at the hands of traffickers. The forms of coercion used in the criminal enterprise under study highlights the numerous ways it can be wielded (even without a physical presence) and its malleability as a concept despite legal definitional rigidity. The lack of legal recognition of the plurality of lived experiences in which agency and choice can be mitigated by social forces, structural violence, intersectional vulnerabilities, and the actions of others contributes to the scholarly critique of issues prosecuting trafficking cases under the TVPA and its strict legal definitions.

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