Risk and the Control of Technology: Public Policies for Road Traffic Safety in Britain and the United States.

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
H. Laurence Ross ◽  
Alan Irwin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

scholarly journals Bibliometric analysis of road traffic injuries research in the Gulf Cooperation Council region

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Muhammad Butt ◽  
Murtaza Ashiq ◽  
Shafiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Khurram Shahid Minhas ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

Background: Despite governmental interventions, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region continues to experience higher road traffic crash and fatality rates relative to Western nations. This trend suggests a potential disconnect between Road Traffic Injuries (RTI) research and the mitigation measures put in place. Method: Here, we present an in-depth bibliometric analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding of RTI research in the GCC region. The Web of Science database was used to search and retrieve the relevant articles during the period of 1981-2019. Results: The volume of RTI research increased from 2015–2019, suggesting an increased focus on traffic safety in the GCC region. Saudi Arabia had the highest RTI research productivity level (126 publications); Bahrain had the lowest (7 publications). Inconsistent with its low publication volume, Hammad Medical Corps of Qatar had the highest citation impact score of 16.33. Global collaboration for RTI research was highest between Saudi Arabia and the United States. The most prevalent publication journal for the region was Accident Analysis and Prevention. The most common keywords were “road traffic accidents” and “road traffic injuries”; terms such as “mobile phones”, “pedestrian safety”, “pedestrians”, and “distracted driving” were least common. In the five most productive GCC nations with respect to RTI research (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman), researchers tended to publish works related to road traffic safety in traffic safety-oriented journals. Conclusions: The quantity and quality of RTI publications in GCC is insufficient to meet the increasing related public health and economic burden in the region. The trends among publication volumes, citations, and impact were inconsistent. There is a lack of research collaboration among the institutions. Most of the research related to RTI is being conducted by researchers with a medical background. Research focusing on pedestrians, cyclists and road user behavior is also inadequate.

scholarly journals Automated Vehicles Are Probably Legal in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant Walker Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Short Answer ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion

This article provides the most comprehensive discussion to date of whether so-called automated, autonomous, self-driving, or driverless vehicles can be lawfully sold and used on public roads in the United States. The short answer is that the computer direction of a motor vehicle’s steering, braking, and accelerating without real-time human input is probably legal. The long answer, which follows, provides a foundation for tailoring regulations and understanding liability issues related to these vehicles. The article’s largely descriptive analysis, which begins with the principle that everything is permitted unless prohibited, covers three key legal regimes: the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic, regulations enacted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and the vehicle codes of all fifty U.S. states.

scholarly journals Bibliometric analysis of road traffic injuries research in the Gulf Cooperation Council region

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Farhan Muhammad Butt ◽  
Murtaza Ashiq ◽  
Shafiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Khurram Shahid Minhas ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

Background: Despite governmental interventions, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region continues to experience higher road traffic crash and fatality rates relative to Western nations. This trend suggests a potential disconnect between Road Traffic Injuries (RTI) research and the mitigation measures put in place. Method: Here, we present an in-depth bibliometric analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding of RTI research in the GCC region. The Web of Science database was used to search and retrieve the relevant articles during the period of 1981-2019. Results: The volume of RTI research increased from 2015–2019, suggesting an increased focus on traffic safety in the GCC region. Saudi Arabia had the highest RTI research productivity level (126 publications); Bahrain had the lowest (7 publications). Inconsistent with its low publication volume, Hammad Medical Corps of Qatar had the highest citation impact score of 16.33. Global collaboration for RTI research was highest between Saudi Arabia and the United States. The most prevalent publication journal for the region was Accident Analysis and Prevention. The most common keywords were “road traffic accidents” and “road traffic injuries”; terms such as “mobile phones”, “pedestrian safety”, “pedestrians”, and “distracted driving” were least common. In the five most productive GCC nations with respect to RTI research (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman), researchers tended to publish works related to road traffic safety in traffic safety-oriented journals. Conclusions: The quantity and quality of RTI publications in GCC is insufficient to meet the increasing related public health and economic burden in the region. The trends among publication volumes, citations, and impact were inconsistent. There is a lack of research collaboration among the institutions. Most of the research related to RTI is being conducted by researchers with a medical background. Research focusing on pedestrians, cyclists and road user behavior is also inadequate.

scholarly journals Bike-sharing as a possibility to support Vision Zero

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 03005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Turoń ◽  
Grzegorz Sierpiński
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The Road ◽  
Bicycle Safety ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Vision Zero

Cyclists as unprotected road users are one of the most vulnerable groups of travelers. In order to improve their safety, various activities are carried out. Interested results are presented in Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) report - Report 12-54: Bike-sharing and Bicycle Safety from 2016. It points out that there are no fatalities among users of city bike sharing systems in the United States. Due to the growing interest in systems in Poland, authors focused on the analysis of aspects related to the safety of their use. The paper presents factors that affect the road traffic safety of bike-sharing users. Authors referred to international practices used in cities bike-sharing systems and presented bike-sharing systems as an opportunity to support the implementation of Vision Zero.

From Start-Up to Scale-Up

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Duruflé ◽  
Thomas Hellmann ◽  
Karen Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smart Money ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Creation

This chapter examines the challenge for entrepreneurial companies of going beyond the start-up phase and growing into large successful companies. We examine the long-term financing of these so-called scale-up companies, focusing on the United States, Europe, and Canada. The chapter first provides a conceptual framework for understanding the challenges of financing scale-ups. It emphasizes the need for investors with deep pockets, for smart money, for investor networks, and for patient money. It then shows some data about the various aspects of financing scale-ups in the United States, Europe, and Canada, showing how Europe and Canada are lagging behind the US relatively more at the scale-up than the start-up stage. Finally, the chapter raises the question of long-term public policies for supporting the creation of a better scale-up environment.

Safety Enhancement by Automated Driving: What are the Relevant Scenarios?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1686-1690
Author(s):  
Niklas Grabbe ◽  
Michael Höcher ◽  
Alexander Thanos ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Automated driving offers great possibilities in traffic safety advancement. However, evidence of safety cannot be provided by current validation methods. One promising solution to overcome the approval trap (Winner, 2015) could be the scenario-based approach. Unfortunately, this approach still results in a huge number of test cases. One possible way out is to show the current, incorrect path in the argumentation and strategy of vehicle automation, and focus on the systemic mechanisms of road traffic safety. This paper therefore argues the case for defining relevant scenarios and analysing them systemically in order to ultimately reduce the test cases. The relevant scenarios are based on the strengths and weaknesses, in terms of the driving task, for both the human driver and automation. Finally, scenarios as criteria for exclusion are being proposed in order to systemically assess the contribution of the human driver and automation to road safety.

scholarly journals Assessing inequality, irregularity, and severity regarding road traffic safety during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Weizi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has affected every sector of our society, among which human mobility is taking a dramatic change due to quarantine and social distancing. We investigate the impact of the pandemic and subsequent mobility changes on road traffic safety. Using traffic accident data from the city of Los Angeles and New York City, we find that the impact is not merely a blunt reduction in traffic and accidents; rather, (1) the proportion of accidents unexpectedly increases for “Hispanic” and “Male” groups; (2) the “hot spots” of accidents have shifted in both time and space and are likely moved from higher-income areas (e.g., Hollywood and Lower Manhattan) to lower-income areas (e.g., southern LA and southern Brooklyn); (3) the severity level of accidents decreases with the number of accidents regardless of transportation modes. Understanding those variations of traffic accidents not only sheds a light on the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 across demographic and geographic factors, but also helps policymakers and planners design more effective safety policies and interventions during critical conditions such as the pandemic.

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