scholarly journals A Decomposition of Trends in the Nonmarital Fertility Ratios of Blacks and Whites in the United States, 1960-1992

Demography ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert L. Smith ◽  
S. Philip Morgan ◽  
Tanya Koropeckyj-Cox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nonmarital Fertility ◽  
Blacks And Whites

scholarly journals Forty-Year Shifting Distribution of Systolic Blood Pressure With Population Hypertension Treatment and Control

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (16) ◽  
pp. 1524-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Lackland ◽  
Virginia J. Howard ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Suzanne Oparil ◽  
Brett Kissela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Control

Background: Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control programs were initiated in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Whereas blood pressure (BP) control in the population and subsequent reduced hypertension-related disease risks have improved since the implementation of these interventions, it is unclear whether these BP changes can be generalized to diverse and high-risk populations. This report describes the 4-decade change in BP levels for the population in a high disease risk southeastern region of the United States. The objective is to determine the magnitude of the shift in systolic BP (SBP) among Blacks and Whites from the Southeast between 1960 and 2005 with the assessment of the unique population cohorts. Methods: A multicohort study design compared BPs from the CHS (Charleston Heart Study) and ECHS (Evans County Heart Study) in 1960 and the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) 4 decades later. The analyses included participants ≥45 years of age from CHS (n=1323), ECHS (n=1842), and REGARDS (n=6294) with the main outcome of SBP distribution. Results: Among Whites 45 to 54 years of age, the median SBP was 18 mm Hg (95% CI, 16–21 mm Hg) lower in 2005 than 1960. The median shift was a 45 mm Hg (95% CI, 37–51 mm Hg) decline for those ≥75 years of age. The shift was larger for Blacks, with median declines of 38 mm Hg (95% CI, 32–40 mm Hg) at 45 to 54 years of age and 50 mm Hg (95% CI, 33–60 mm Hg) for ages ≥75 years. The 95th percentile of SBP decreased 60 mm Hg for Whites and 70 mm Hg for Blacks. Conclusions: The results of the current analyses of the unique cohorts in the Southeast confirm the improvements in population SBP levels since 1960. This assessment provides new evidence of improvement in SBP, suggesting that strategies and programs implemented to improve hypertension treatment and control have been extraordinarily successful for both Blacks and Whites residing in a high-risk region of the United States. Severe BP elevations commonly observed in the 1960s have been nearly eliminated, with the current 75th percentile of BP generally less than the 25th percentile of BP in 1960.

Smoking and bladder cancer risk in Blacks and Whites in the United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hartge ◽  
Debra T. Silverman ◽  
Catherine Schairer ◽  
Robert N. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bladder Cancer Risk ◽  
Blacks And Whites

scholarly journals Marriage Markets and Nonmarital Fertility in the United States

Demography ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. South ◽  
Kim M. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marriage Markets ◽  
Nonmarital Fertility

Geographic Variation in Stroke Mortality in Blacks and Whites in the United States

Stroke ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1639-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. Pickle ◽  
Michael Mungiole ◽  
Richard F. Gillum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Blacks And Whites

Race and Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 3551-3551
Author(s):  
Daniel Douce ◽  
Nels Olson ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Pamela L Lutsey ◽  
Suzanne Judd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Blacks And Whites

Abstract Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is classified as provoked (associated with surgery, hospitalization, trauma, or cancer) and unprovoked events. Whether provoked, unprovoked or cancer-associated VTE differs by age, sex, race, or region in the United States is poorly understood. Methods: VTE events were ascertained in 30,183 individuals in the REGARDS cohort enrolled between 2003-2007 in the contiguous United States. Participants were enrolled in their homes, with a goal of 50% of the cohort being black, female, and living in the southeastern US. VTE events were identified by telephone interviews, review of hospitalizations and deaths and validated by physician review of medical records. Cancer-associated VTE (CA-VTE) was defined as a VTE associated with active cancer or chemotherapy in the last 90 days. Non-cancer, provoked VTE was defined as a VTE that was preceded within 90 days by major trauma, surgery, or hospitalization. Unprovoked VTE was defined as having none of the above risk factors. The associations of age, sex, race and region with cancer-associated, provoked, and unprovoked VTE were analyzed by chi square analyses and Cox proportional hazard ratios that were adjusted for age, sex, race, region and obesity. Results: Overall, 332 VTE events occurred over a mean of 4.7 years follow up. Of these, 163 events (49.1%) were provoked, 47 (14.2%) were CA-VTE. The proportion of unprovoked to provoked VTE did not differ by age (120 to 104 in those older than 65, 49 to 59 for those under 65, p=0.16) sex (98 to 90 in men, 71 to 73 in women, p=0.61), race (61 to 62 in blacks, 108 to 101 in whites, p=0.71) or region (89 to 88 in the Southeast, 80 to 75 for the rest of the country p=0.81); however CA-VTE was significantly less common in blacks (11 of 123, 8.9%) than whites (36 of 209, 17.2%) (p=0.04). While the overall risk of VTE was similar in blacks and whites, blacks had a lower risk of CA-VTE than whites (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.18-0.77). Increased age and male sex were associated with an increased risk for all-cause VTE and unprovoked VTE with a trend for male sex and increased risk for provoked VTE (Table). However, men had no increased risk of CA-VTE compared to women (0.85 95% CI 0.46-1.55). Discussion: The proportion of provoked versus unprovoked VTE events did not differ by age, sex, race or region in REGARDS, though blacks had a lower proportion of CA-VTE than whites. Men overall had a higher risk of VTE than women, but there was no increased risk for CA-VTE in men. Blacks and whites had a similar risk of VTE overall, however blacks had a lower incidence of CA-VTE than whites. Possible reasons for our findings include shorter survival after a diagnosis of cancer, different cancer types or treatments, or differential ascertainment of VTE by race or sex. These findings highlight the need to understand how sex and race impact VTE incidence so we can best prevent VTE in everyone. Table. Hazard Ratios for different VTE subtypes by Age, Sex, and Race (95% Confidence Interval) All VTE Unprovoked VTE Provoked VTE Cancer-Associated VTE Age (per SD, 9.4 years) 1.61 (1.43-1.80) 1.70 (1.44-1.99) 1.52 (1.29-1.79) 1.48 (1.09-2.02) Male Sex 1.42 (1.13-1.78) 1.52 (1.11-2.09) 1.32 (0.96-1.82) 0.85 (0.47-1.55) Black versus White Race 0.90 (0.71-1.13) 0.84 (0.61-1.16) 0.96 (0.69-1.34) 0.38 (0.18-0.77) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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