Presidential Address Dictionaries and Dictionary Making: Malay and Indonesian

1978 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Echols
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Present State ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary

Fifteen years ago, or halfway to this year's thirtieth anniversary, in his presidential address to this association, Earl Pritchard began by saying: “In accordance with tradition, it now becomes my duty to perform a time-honored rite—to inflict on you the Presidential Address. I will try to do this as painlessly and as quickly as my own inadequacies will permit.… It is … customary, according to the unwritten rules governing the rituals of the present occasion, for the president to review in some way or other the state of the profession or of the discipline to which he belongs, or to present some general theory which interests him, or to discuss the direction that studies in the profession are taking or should take.…” Like Pritchard I have no inclination to depart sharply from this pattern, and I hope here merely to review briefly the past and present state of Malay and Indonesian lexicography. I have chosen this topic because it has been of great and abiding interest to me and because I have, in a modest way, tried to contribute to its furtherance.

International Relations: The Long Road to Theory

1959 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley H. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Present State ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The Past

It has become customary to begin a discussion of the nature and present state of the discipline of international relations with a number of complaints. This article will not abandon the custom; indeed, its purpose is, in the first place, to state the conviction that many of the problems we face in our field can be solved only by far more systematic theoretical work than has been done in the past—a conviction shared by most writers. Secondly, however, I will try to show that recent approaches to a general theory of international relations are unsatisfactory, because each one is, in its own fashion, a short cut to knowledge—sometimes even a short cut to a destination that is anything but knowledge.

scholarly journals Presidential Address, delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association, Friday, July 30th, 1880

1880 ◽  
Vol 26 (115) ◽  
pp. 327-342
Author(s):  
George W. Mould
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Argument ◽  
The Cost

A question that has been prominently before the public for the past few years, and which has not always been discussed with the cool reason so weighty a subject demands, is the control, custody, and treatment of the insane community known as private patients; and for the purpose of present argument I class those patients as private patients whose cost is defrayed without aid from the State—either in the matter of board, lodging, or attendance; for though private patients who reside in hospitals for the insane receive this aid, the building in which they reside is provided from special funds (and most hospitals have a small income from invested funds or annual subscriptions), it amounts to very little, and is absorbed in the free cost, or mitigation in the cost of maintenance, of a few patients. In speaking of lunatic hospitals, I leave out of the question the great Hospital of Bethlem, where the maintenance of the patients is entirely defrayed from the funds of the charity.

Three Cases Concerning the Restitution of Usury in Florence

1957 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin B. Becker
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Present State ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Advisory Councils ◽  
Factual Data

Investigation of Florentine legislation concerning the practice of usury in the fourteenth century leads the researcher to the conclusion that a general theory cannot be constructed unless more facts are made known. It is to be hoped that an exposition of factual data will lead to an inquiry into those “shades and nuances” of meaning that are symptomatic of historical change. I do not believe that the present state of knowledge on this problem allows more than a descriptive historical approach, followed by a suggestion of possible levels of understanding and strategies of further inquiry. There are many reasons for taking this position. First, the documents available to the researcher are less than adequate for the formulation of a general theory. To cite only one instance, the judicial records of the period before 1343 were burned in the revolution of that year. Second, case histories of those individuals cited by the court or the councils as usurers have not been written. Finally, the Consulte, which contain the opinions of the advisory councils of the Priorate, do not aid the researcher in understanding the motives that animated the passage of legislation. With these limitations firmly in mind, I should like to present certain facts that I suspect can be understood only dimly within die framework of our present knowledge of Florentine life in the Trecento. One further disclaimer must be made: this paper does not purport to consider the state of juridical consciousness nor the legalistic matrix that provided the framework in which the events narrated took place.

Note privind ariile naturale protejate în Republica Moldova

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Cocirta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Present State ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Surface Changes

In the paper are described the results of the study on the state and development of the natural protected areas in the Republic of Moldova. The paper presents the analysis of some factological data on the past and present state of protected areas at global, European and national level, as wel as the caracteristics of their surface changes in the last decades and some visions of their perspectives. In the final part of the paper are presented some conclusions and proposals on the development of the natural protected areas in the Republic of Moldova in accordance with European and international requirements.

scholarly journals Looking back on food studies in 2020-2021 in so-called Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Wilson ◽  
Meredith Bessey ◽  
Jennifer Brady ◽  
Michael Classens ◽  
Kirsten Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Address ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
June 10Th

In this collectively drafted Commentary, we offer some reflections on the past year for CAFS (Canadian Association for Food Stuides), and the state of food studies in general. Note: this is a modified version of the 2021 CAFS Presidential Address, given at the joint CAFS/ASFS/AFHVS/SAFN Conference Just Food: Because it never it just Food on June 10th, 20201.

Presidential Address: The People of Britain and Ireland, 1100–1400, 1.Identities

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Human Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Intellectual Climate

PEOPLES are back on the historian's agenda. Their return to the historical limelight, or at least out of the historical shadows, is doubtless in part a response to the growing awareness of the power of ethnicity in our own contemporary world. So it is with changes of historical fashion at all times. But it also no doubt arises in part from the growing recognition that the centrality that academic historians have so long given to the unitary nation state as the natural, inevitable and indeed desirable unit of human power and political organisation is itself a reflection of the intellectual climate in which modern academic historiography was forged in the nineteenth century. The linear development of the nation state is no longer of necessity the overarching theme and organising principle in the study of the past that it once was. Once our historical gaze could be shifted from the state and its institutions and from the seductive appeal of its prolific archives, other solidarities and collectivities could come more clearly into historical focus. Some of them seemed to have as great, if not occasionally greater, depth and historical resilience than did the nation state. At the very least they deserve to be studied alongside it. Not least in prominence among such collectivities are the peoples of Europe.

scholarly journals Presidential Address, delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association, Friday, July 30th, 1880

1880 ◽  
Vol 26 (115) ◽  
pp. 327-342
Author(s):  
George W. Mould
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Argument ◽  
The Cost

A question that has been prominently before the public for the past few years, and which has not always been discussed with the cool reason so weighty a subject demands, is the control, custody, and treatment of the insane community known as private patients; and for the purpose of present argument I class those patients as private patients whose cost is defrayed without aid from the State—either in the matter of board, lodging, or attendance; for though private patients who reside in hospitals for the insane receive this aid, the building in which they reside is provided from special funds (and most hospitals have a small income from invested funds or annual subscriptions), it amounts to very little, and is absorbed in the free cost, or mitigation in the cost of maintenance, of a few patients. In speaking of lunatic hospitals, I leave out of the question the great Hospital of Bethlem, where the maintenance of the patients is entirely defrayed from the funds of the charity.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

A Short Life of Kierkegaard

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Lowrie ◽  
Alastair Hannay
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
The State ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
Short Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Hans Christian Andersen

A small, insignificant-looking intellectual with absurdly long legs, Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was a veritable Hans Christian Andersen caricature of a man. A strange combination of witty cosmopolite and melancholy introvert, he spent years writing under a series of fantastical pseudonyms, lavishing all the splendor of his mind on a seldom-appreciative world. He had a tragic love affair with a young girl, was dominated by an unforgettable Old Testament father, fought a sensational literary duel with a popular satiric magazine, and died in the midst of a violent quarrel with the state church for which he had once studied theology. Yet this iconoclast produced a number of brilliant books that have profoundly influenced modern thought. This classic biography presents a charming and warmly appreciative introduction to the life and work of the great Danish writer. It tells the story of Kierkegaard's emotionally turbulent life with a keen sense of drama and an acute understanding of how his life shaped his thought. The result is a wonderfully informative and entertaining portrait of one of the most important thinkers of the past two centuries.

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