Phan Boi Chau: Asian Revolutionary in a Changing World

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Duiker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Political Force ◽  
Communist Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
French Authority ◽  
Country Today

One of the most striking facts about the history of modern Vietnam has been the persistent strength of the communist movement. In part, of course, this strength must be attributed to the organizational abilities of the communists themselves. But it might also be said that it is a testament to the weakness of the more moderate elements within the nationalist movement. Resistance to French control has a long history in Vietnam, dating back to the original conquest in the mid-nineteenth century. Yet only after the Second World War, when the communist-dominated Vietnam Independence League (Vietminh) led resistance to French authority, did a movement of truly national proportions arise in the country. By their leadership of the Vietminh, the communists became the most potent political force within the nationalist movement. By contrast, non-Marxist parties were consistently plagued by political factionalism and lack of unity, a reality that has been a major contributing factor to the contemporary tragedy in that country today.

The Pattern of Administrative Reforms in the Closing Years of Dutch Rule in Indonesia

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Benda
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second World

The history of Indonesia in the last two or three decades of Dutch colonial rule still has to be written, and it can only be written when the abundant archival materials for this period, both in Indonesia and in the Netherlands, come to be opened up for scholarly investigation. Scholars who, since the Second World War, have turned their attention to modern Indonesian history have tended to focus on the development of Indonesian nationalism, and for understandable reasons. The Indonesian Revolution, crowned by the attainment of Indonesian independence in 1949, rendered an understanding of the Indonesian nationalist movement in colonial times imperative not only to Indonesian historians attempting to come to grips with their country's recent past but also to an ever-increasing number of foreign students. Welcome as this ongoing re-examination of Indonesian nationalism is, it, too, must remain incomplete until documentary evidence, whether archival or (auto)-biographical, can substantially enrich it.

Go East! 1905 as a Turning Point for the Transnational History of Vietnamese Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Sara Legrandjacques
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Regional Mobility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis paper discusses the year 1905 as an educational watershed in colonial Vietnam. It focuses on the development of student mobility that transcended colonial and imperial boundaries and gave new momentum to educational training on a transnational scale. In the mid-1900s, the anti-colonial mandarin Phan Bội Châu launched a new nationalist movement called Đông Du, meaning ‘Going East.’ It centred on sending young men to Japan via Hong Kong to train them as effective anti-French activists. These students came from Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina and enrolled in a variety of curricula. Although this initiative collapsed in the late 1900s, it remained a watershed. Regional mobility did not disappear afterwards but mostly redirected itself towards China. This paper brings a great diversity of material face-to-face, including governmental archives and biographies, and challenges the colonial-based vision of Vietnamese education by highlighting its regional dimension, from the early twentieth century to the outset of the Second World War.

Marquis de Sade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Grünnagel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
Marquis De Sade ◽  
World War ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
Philosophical Writing ◽  
Man Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (1740–1814), appears in European literature and culture like a ghostly figure whose prolific and monstrous works haunt not only nineteenth-century French novels and the surrealist artists (Magritte, Man Ray), but also thinkers, essayists and philosophers of the twentieth (and twenty-first) century.1 After the Second World War and the devastation that it caused worldwide, some influential thinkers – such as Klossowski, de Beauvoir, Horkheimer and Adorno2 – reread the oeuvre of the divine marquis, long decried as the product of a troubled, ill and wicked mind. Lacan and Adorno and Horkheimer even proposed structural parallels between Sade’s libertinage and Kant’s philosophy.3 Keeping this history of reception in mind, it is not completely surprising that Agamben includes commentaries on Sade’s political and philosophical writing in one of his own central projects, Homo Sacer, and comes back occasionally to Sade in other works.

An Indian Town’s Entry into the Second World War: Holding Together the Congress Party and Training Chinese Soldiers in Wartime Raj

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Cao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Northeast India ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Of Resistance ◽  
Second World ◽  
India And China

During the Second World War, Ramgarh, a small town in northeast India, was the site of the 53rd Session of the Indian National Congress and the training centre for the Chinese Expeditionary Force. By uncovering the links between the two events and knitting them into the broader context of the Indian nationalist movement and China’s War of Resistance, this article tries to break down the hegemony of the Eurocentric national narratives of the history of the Second World War in India and China. In doing so, it provides an alternative way of writing an entangled history of India and China during the Second World War.

Further British Materials in the Pre-War Music Collection of the Staats- Und Universitätsbibliothek, Hamburg

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 91-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Charteris
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
British Music ◽  
Music Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

In a recent article, I surveyed the British music holdings of the Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Hamburg, prior to the Second World War; details of which derive from the nineteenth-century manuscript catalogue compiled by Arrey von Dommer (1828–1905)—see ‘The Music Collection of the Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Hamburg: A Survey of its British Holdings Prior to the Second World War’, RMA Research Chronicle, 30 (1997), 1–138. In addition, I also discussed the history of the collection and commented on its losses and recoveries. I have recently uncovered further British references, and it is with these that I am concerned here.

Left Wing Unity and the Indian Nationalist Movement: M. N. Roy and the Congress Socialist Party

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Haithcox
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World

The decade preceding the Second World War was a crucial period in the history of the Indian nationalist movement. It was at this time that the leadership of Gandhi and the ‘Old Guard’—Congress veterans who, with few exceptions, were annually re-elected to the party's Working Committee—faced its most serious challenge for control of the Congress Party. The outcome of this internal party struggle determined the nature and scope of the independence movement throughout the war years and until the attainment of freedom in 1947. It also determined the political complexion of the party that was to guide the Republic of India through the early, and critical, formative years of its existence.

A HISTORICAL EXAMINATION OF VICARIOUS LIABILITY: A “VERITABLE UPAS TREE”?

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-661
Author(s):  
Warren Swain
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Vicarious Liability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
Historical Examination

AbstractVicarious liability was, and it remains, curiously unsatisfactory. After a period of stability from the Middle Ages into the early modern period in the late seventeenth into the early eighteenth century, the existing law of vicarious liability began to be challenged. The mid-nineteenth century saw another reappraisal coinciding with the rise of notions of fault. The period that follows, from the late nineteenth century until after the Second World War period has not attracted much comment. One key debate in this period and earlier which provides a useful lens to examine the doctrine was whether vicarious liability should be properly characterised as a master's or servant's tort theory. The history of the doctrine during this period goes some way to explaining why the modern law remains incoherent.

From Lawn Tennis to Eugenics: A History of Women and Sneakers

Costume ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Semmelhack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

Since the invention of sneakers in the middle of the nineteenth century, women have been significant in both their production and consumption. 1 Despite this long history, women's relationship with sneakers has been complicated by larger issues ranging from dissonance between female athleticism and ideals of female desirability to issues of exclusion related to the overt hyper-masculinity embedded in modern sneaker culture. This article will focus on the sociological forces at play in the relationship between women and sneakers, predominantly in the United States and Britain, from the popularization of lawn tennis in the 1870s through to the start of the Second World War, a period in which exercise, morality and ideal femininity became redefined through the lens of ‘fitness’, by which was often meant preparedness for motherhood or attractiveness to men.

Karolos Koun in the 1930s and the Birth of Modernist Shakespeare in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Glytzouris
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Royal Shakespeare Company ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Stage Direction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The author aims in this article is to highlight a significant moment in the history of the reception of Shakespeare in modern Greek theatre. The article outlines the main developments in the perception of Shakespeare's work in Greece from the mid-nineteenth century until the Second World War, and examines Karolos Koun's early experiments in Shakespearean production. Koun's initiatives were diametrically opposed to local theatre traditions, which emphasized psychological or historical realism and pictorial or spectacular illusion. The use of non-realistic stage conventions such as masks and simple, abstract and allusive settings, flamboyant costumes, stylized acting, and the fact that all roles were played by young boys demonstrate the significance of Koun's contribution to a modernist Shakespeare in Greece, culminating in his Romeo and Juliet with the Royal Shakespeare Company at Stratford in 1967. Antonis Glytzouris is Associate Professor in the School of Drama at the Aristotle University Thessaloniki, and is author of Stage Direction in Greece: the Rise and Consolidation of the Stage Director in Modern Greek Theatre (Herakleio: Crete University Press, 2011), among other publications.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

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