Growth and Fluctuations of Production in O.E.C.D. and East European Countries

1985 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic L. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
European Economic ◽  
East European ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
European Economies

Our knowledge of the operations of the centrally planned East European economies has become increasingly detailed; unfortunately, this accumulating scholarship has led to a certain disregard for some of the larger issues, especially concerning long-term developmental trends. The adverse results of this loss of focus have become quite apparent from the discussions about Soviet and East European economic problems—occasioned by the deaths of Leonid Brezhnev and Yuri Andropov—in the popular and semi-popular press. Most of the sweeping generalizations presented to the public were at considerable variance with scholarly assessments tucked away in publications for specialists. Further, many of the important empirical lessons in earlier comparative studies of long-term growth in East and West (for example, the remarkable survey by Bergson)1 appear to have been forgotten; and U.S. governmental policy statements often appear to be based on false assumptions about what actually happened.

scholarly journals AREAS OF INVESTMENT IN OMANI SPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Ahmed Farouk
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Descriptive Method

Omani sport is still searching for new methods to identify its problems and achieve a vision regarding the economic problems in sport, the short-term solutions to revitalize it, and long-term solutions to maintain its stability. It hopes to rise and find an end to its funding problems in order to take off toward international winners’ podiums, especially after the good results achieved lately in several sports. Therefore, the researcher deems it necessary to identify the areas of investment in Omani sport, as potential for investment in the presence of self-finance that covers its financial needs. The researcher used the descriptive method as it is suitable to the nature of the study, and a sample of 273 subjects representing the research population. He used a questionnaire as a data collection instrument, and rank, frequency, percentage in statistical treatment. The main finding of the research was a list of the areas of investment in Omani sport in the following order: launching sports channels, TV streaming, sports professionalism, establishing sporting camps centers, academies of different games, and investment in sporting facilities. The main recommendations were to authorize Omani sporting authorities to launch TV channels to stream their matches, be based on competition with each other, and according to the rules stipulated by the Ministry of Sports Affairs and the Public Authority for Radio and Television

Comparative Opportunities

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Distinct Region ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central European ◽  
East European ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
East Central European

As the theoretical rationale (and funding opportunities!) for considering Eastern Europe as a distinct region diminish as we move farther away from the momentous events of 1989, the value of including East-Central European countries in comparative studies has only increased. This article outlines how comparative studies of political behavior involving East-Central European countries have evolved in the author’s own research from comparative studies including Russia along with four East European countries, to more broadly based comparative studies including multiple East European countries and former Soviet Republics, to studies where behavior is analyzed in both East European countries and more established democracies, and finally to large cross-national studies focused on questions related to post-communist politics (namely, the legacy of communism on post-communist attitudes and behavior) but relying on the comparative analysis of survey data from countries around the world. In a way, the research has come full circle, from studies of East European political behavior to better understand East European political behavior, to studies including East European countries to better understand general questions of political behavior not specific to post-communist countries, to now the most extensive comparative studies that are, however, designed once again to better understand East European political attitudes and behavior.

Selling Neoliberalism: Brazil's Instituto Liberal

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Nylen
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Latin American Countries

In the 1980s more and more Latin American countries attempted to address daunting economic problems with variations on the so-called neoliberal theme. While one should have expected governments to implement some form of short-term fiscal and monetary adjustments to address the region's generalised fiscal crisis, it was less inevitable that this neoclassical formula should coincide with a more long-term structural adjustment formula, including such neoliberal (or neo-orthodox) policies as privatisation of State-owned companies, liberalization of tariffs, and reduction of the public sector workforce. As a result of this policy mix, the normal recessionary impact of adjustment intensified. The clamour for protection from that impact, and/or for putting an end to the policies themselves, has also intensified not only from the popular sector (that perennial target of all adjustments), but from the ranks of economic elites as well.

scholarly journals Inequities in first education policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis: A comparative analysis in four Central and East European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 147490412110300
Author(s):  
M. Mitescu-Manea ◽  
L. Safta-Zecheria ◽  
E. Neumann ◽  
V. Bodrug-Lungu ◽  
V. Milenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
East European ◽  
Policy Frames ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Policy Debates

The historically high inequities in the education systems of Central and East-European countries have been further exacerbated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using critical frame analysis, we compared the education policy debates in Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Republic of Moldova during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic with a particular focus on inequities. We discuss the policy frames proposed and utilized by governmental and non-governmental actors to understand their roles played in articulating policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis, and highlight the specificities and commonalities of the political language within and across the national borders of the four countries. We conclude with our findings on the dynamics and structure of the policy debate between state and non-state actors in times of crisis with a particular focus on policy spaces and policy temporalities. Two ways of constructing spatio-temporalities co-exist: one is national, state and public health centric and focuses on governing ‘through’ the crisis; and the other is focused on long term planning while constructing the crisis as an opportunity for decisive intervention towards more equitable education.

scholarly journals CO2 emissions analysis for East European countries: the role of underlying emission trend

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Denizhan Guven ◽  
M. Özgür Kayalica ◽  
Gülgün Kayakutlu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
East European ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to analyze the impact of energy consumption, economic structure, and manufacturing output on the CO2 emissions of East European countries by applying the Structural Time Series Model (STSM). Several explanatory factors are used to construct the model using annual data of the 1990–2017 period. The factors are: total primary energy supply, GDP per capita and manufacturing value added, and, finally, a stochastic Underlying Emission Trend (UET). The significant effects of all variables on CO2 emissions are detected. Based on the estimated functions, CO2 emissions of Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Hungary will decrease, by 2027, to 53.2 Mt, 103.2 Mt, 36.1 Mt, 1528.2 Mt, 36 Mt, and 36.1 Mt, respectively. Distinct from other countries, CO2 emissions of Poland will extend to 312.2 Mt in 2027 due to the very high share of fossil-based supply (i.e., coal and oil) in Poland. The results also indicate that the most forceful factor in CO2 emissions is the total primary energy supply. Furthermore, for Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Belarus, the long-term impact of economic growth on CO2 emissions is negative, while it is positive for Russia, Ukraine, and Serbia. The highest long-term manufacturing value-added elasticity of CO2 emissions is calculated for Serbia and Belarus.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of Goat and Sheep Farms: A Comparison between European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Paraskevopoulou ◽  
Alexandros Theodoridis ◽  
Marion Johnson ◽  
Athanasios Ragkos ◽  
Lisa Arguile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Goat Farm ◽  
Farm Sustainability

European sheep and goat farming faces diverse challenges at global or local scales and constitutes an important sector for many countries, playing important sociocultural, economic and environmental roles. A closer examination of the overall sustainability of the sector is necessary to assess the performance of different farm types in various geographical settings. This comparative study evaluates the use of a common sustainability assessment (SA) tool for the major European countries in the sheep and goat sector. In particular, the study reports the results of a SA using the Public Goods (PG) Tool, adapted within the Innovation for Sustainable Sheep and Goat Production in Europe (iSAGE) Horizon 2020 project, which includes questions accounting for 13 dimensions of a sheep and goat farm sustainability. In total, 206 farmers from Greece, Italy, Spain, Finland, United Kingdom, France and Turkey were interviewed, all of which were typical of specific types of a pan-European sheep and goat farm typologies elaborated within iSAGE. The study resulted in composite indicators of performance in each dimension for each country. Finland, Italy and the United Kingdom performed better than other countries, while Turkey and Greece performed below average in most categories. The results highlight challenges for each country but also at the European level, the latter mainly relating to generational renewal and an unwillingness to invest in the adoption of a more sustainable approach with long-term results.

The Left Party and the Long-Term Developments of the German Party System

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Elo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
German Unification ◽  
The West ◽  
Unexpected Consequence ◽  
Left Party ◽  
East West

In mainstream analyses of the German political system, the emergence of the Left Party (Die Linke) is presented as an unexpected consequence of German unification and as an indication of the existence of an East-West divide. This view is for the most part based on the idea that German unification is a process of political integration of the East into the West. Such an understanding, however, downplays the long-term developments in the German party system. This article examines the emergence of the Left Party in light of both the long-term developmental tendencies of the German party system and findings from comparative studies among other West European countries. The article concludes that the main reason for the current political stalemate is the incapability of the postwar Volksparteien to respond to changes in political space and action. Based on evidence from comparative studies, the article also suggests a pragmatic rethinking especially in the SPD is necessary in dealings with the Left Party.

scholarly journals Is there a trade convergence between South East European and Central European economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (231) ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Goran Nikolic ◽  
Ivan Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
East European ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
Trade Performance ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
European Economies ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Given the importance of trade performance to overall economic fundamentals, the question arises as to the extent that South East European Countries (SEEC) have successfully followed the successful transition path of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). To address this issue, we use similarity indicators to calculate possible convergence between the export structures of SEEC and CEEC from 2007-2008 to 2018-2019. We then compute the value of the similarity coefficients of SEEC and CEEC export structures and compare them with EU import structures, and intra-industry trade for both SEEC and CEEC. Next, we calculate the qualitative changes of both SEEC and CEEC merchandise trade through the tendency of technology-intensive products. The results of these two groups are compared to determine whether SEEC trade performance is converging to that of the CEEC. The results show structural improvements and an above-average increase in SEEC trade since 2007. However, given the simultaneous, moderate qualitative trade progress in the CEEC, the convergence between these two groups is insufficient to close the gap in the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of prison system development - comparison of the European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Elina Kruze ◽  
Janis Priede
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prison System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Support Mechanisms

The possibility to achieve successful resocialization of former prisoners back into society is an ongoing public debate, making it challenging for policymakers to implement prisoner rehabilitation programs capable of maintaining the public safety while allocating public funds in the most efficient way. The main aim of this study is to examine what is necessary for an investment in prison system development to be justified. The hypothesis of this study suggests that such investment can be cost-effective by reducing crime and recidivism rates in the long term by ensuring proper rehabilitation of prisoners. Accordingly, this research compares various European countries regarding their imprisonment standards and costs in order to conclude which countries operate in the most effective way and what is crucial to obtain a decrease in the reoffending rates. The key results suggest that it is possible to find a correlation between such variables as the imprisonment costs, incarceration rates and the recidivism rates. It is possible to draw parallels between the amount of money countries spend on one prisoner a year and the recidivism rates of such countries, suggesting that the reoffending rates can be reduced by increasing the amount of resources allocated for the improvement of prisoner’s lives. Furthermore, such an investment should not only take the form of establishment of a proper environment for successful rehabilitation – prisoners should be provided with education and work possibilities to prepare them for life outside the prison walls. Moreover, the study highlights the need for post-release support mechanisms capable of re-integrating former convicts back into society, since such mechanisms could reduce the likelihood of re-offending.  

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