The Evolution in the Soviet World View

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry F. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World View ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
State Prize ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Correct Orientation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soviet View ◽  
The 1960S

Utilizing two editions of a Soviet textbook that was awarded a state prize and termed “the correct orientation” by a Central Committee official, the author analyzes the evolution of the Soviet view of the outside world in the first half of the 1970s. The movement away from ideological rigidity that began in the 1960s continued in the 1970s on a wide range of subjects. In addition, the analysis of the capitalist countries became intertwined with the debate on the future development of Soviet society; a number of features are said to have resulted from the imperatives of industrialization rather than the inner dynamics of capitalism, and hence are in need of adoption by the Soviet Union. The article closes with a brief survey of the issues subsequently raised in the published Soviet debates that continue on either side of the approved, centrist position.

scholarly journals The Soviet View of the United Nations

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dallin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World View ◽  
World Systems ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Soviet View ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Soviet Experience

The United Nations has patendy not fulfilled the high hopes which some of its sponsors had for it. A major share of responsibility for this failure has commonly been assigned to the Soviet Union, and not widiout reason. Yet the Soviet view and Soviet conduct have not been products of perversity or malice. They follow logically, first, from the world view held by the communist leadership, which sees the United Nations as another arena in the struggle between the two “world systems” of our age, and, second, from the Soviet experience as a minority power seeking to frustrate the efforts of the hostile majority “in control” of the UN.

scholarly journals Boris Tishchenko and the new generation of Soviet composers of the 1960s: political and economic context

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Iurii Eduardovich Serov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Music Education ◽  
New Music ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Russian Composers ◽  
New Generation

The subject of this research is the period of the Russian symphonic music of the early 1960s. The scene saw the emergence of a new generation of composers – the so-called “Sixtiers”, making themselves known with remarkable artistic achievements, novel and modern musical language. Emphasis is place on such aspects of the topic, as the system of music education that established in the Soviet Union by the mid XX century, sustained material affluence of the Soviet composers, and ideological pressure of the government in return for such care. Special attention. Special attention is given to the new artistic opportunities for the young Russian composers that emerged as a result of the political “thaw”. The scientific consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of a wide range of memoir literature and critical articles of the representatives of the “new wave” movement, as therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the complex processes that unfolded in the Soviet academic music. A detailed analysis is conducted on the role and place in the struggle for “new music” of the youngest musician out of the “Sixtiers” – a prominent Russian symphonist of the XX century Boris Ivanovich Tishchenko (1939 – 2010). The main conclusion is reflected in the thought on a certain triumph of the School of Soviet Composers and the system of music education, which is most clearly described by the last three decades of the existence of the Soviet Union.

The Kremlin's Professional Staff: The “Apparatus” of the Central Committee, Communist Party of the Soviet Union

1950 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Louis Nemzer
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Effective Administration

Soviet leaders have long understood the need for effective administration in the modern state, despite their great interest in questions of theory and matters of policy. Joseph Stalin, in his first report as Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party, warned in 1923 that “policy loses its sense and is transformed into a waving of hands,” unless an efficient system for policy-execution exists. Consequently, Stalin and his lieutenants have constructed an extensive and diversified system for this purpose, using many agencies and reaching into every corner of Soviet society. Although the paucity of essential data makes a comprehensive analysis of the entire system virtually impossible at this time, it is noteworthy that recent Soviet materials have thrown some light on the functions and operations of one important segment of that system. This is an agency attached to the highest level of the Communist Party, the “Apparatus” of the Party's Central Committee.The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) guides and controls all governmental, economic, social and other organizations in the USSR.

scholarly journals Guido Piovene. Articoli dall’Unione Sovietica (1960)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Arpioni ◽  
Alberto Zava
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Western World ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The 1960S

In the twenty-nine articles that constitute the result of the 1960s travel experience in the Soviet Union, which have so far appeared only on the third page of La Stampa, the cultural-literary operation of Guido Piovene is outlined, perfectly reflecting the programmatic intention to conduct a wide-ranging investigation into Soviet society in the early 1960s, providing a useful comparison with the condition of the western world and overcoming the appearance and conventionality of preconceived ideas (by the visitor) and prepackaged information (from part of the Soviet administrative system). In his reportage Piovene is able to activate the dynamic functions that constitute the main lines of his literary writing: the inclusion of the landscape in the narrative context and the deep internal investigation conducted on the characters, in a balance between inside and outside, between observation and analysis, between reality and dream. The result is a corpus of articles that constitute an important cultural document of that historical period but at the same time another great literary reportage by one of the most refined journalist-writers of the Italian twentieth century.

Конструируя Роскошь: Бытовое Пространство Советской Номенклатуры, 1940–1952 годы

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana N. Nikonorova ◽  
Татьяна Н. Никонорова
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Party Control ◽  
Political Hierarchy

This article is based on previously unpublished sources, mainly the archival materials of the Party Control Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). I argue that luxury can be seen as a phenomenon constructed by the Soviet social and political hierarchy during the 1940s and 1950s. An examination of everyday practices and patterns of consumption of luxury goods (food, clothing, interior furnishings, etc.) indicates that the Soviet elite (nomenklatura) sought to emulate a notional “middle-class” lifestyle. The distribution of so-called “trophy items” imported from East Germany to the Soviet Union caused friction within the party administration and sowed discontent within Soviet society as a whole. The dual policy of the CPSU on the issue of financial security of its members revealed its uncertainty about the state of “permitted” and “unauthorized” luxury.

scholarly journals The Excluded: Begging in the Postwar Soviet Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 259-288
Author(s):  
Elena Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The 1960S

To what extent was the Soviet state able to control (and oppose) the process of social exclusion and to what extent was Soviet society ready to integrate social outcasts? This article attempts to answer these questions by analyzing the phenomenon of begging in the Soviet Union between the 1940s and the 1960s. The article begins by studying the phenomenon of begging as a reaction to poverty, serving as a survival strategy for the lower social classes who were excluded from society due to poor standards of living. A brief historical overview of the campaign to combat begging in the the USSR from the Revolution of 1917 until the mid-1950s shows both the continuity and shifting perspectives of state reaction to this social problem. This article also analyzes begging, which was an important social phenomenon in the USSR after World War II, through the specific biographies of actual beggars. The article concludes with an examination of the public discourse on poverty in the 1950s and early 1960s, which reveals how both society and the state viewed the issue.

Religious Dissent in the USSR in the 1960s

Slavic Review ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-316
Author(s):  
William C. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Religious Dissent ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Insight Into

With some justification, the 1960s may be called the decade of dissent. This is true even with regard to the Soviet Union, where broad sectors of the population have resorted to increasingly vociferous expressions of dissatisfaction with present conditions. If, when the decade began, overt alienation from the system was a relatively unusual phenomenon, the past ten years have given rise to an increasing stream of dissent in the Soviet populace. Among the intelligentsia, almost every rank and profession has been involved in oral, written, and organizational protest. Considerable attention has been devoted to this development by Western scholarship and journalism, and rightly so, for the voices of dissent provide an immediate insight into the tensions and conflicts within the rapidly changing society. One area of dissent, however, has received rather less attention in the West. This paper will attempt to survey the religious portion of the Soviet population, in an endeavor to illustrate the degree to which religious dissatisfaction during the past decade has been consonant with the general current of dissent within Soviet society.

ACT OF 1981 �ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF FOREIGN CITIZENS IN THE USSR�: BASIC PROVISIONS AND APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Hanna Siromska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Formal Principle ◽  
Wide Range

The article considers the peculiarities of the legal status of foreign citizens in the Soviet Union as a result of legislative changes in the early 1980s. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main provisions and features of the application �On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the USSR� Act of 1981. The research methodology is defined by an interdisciplinary approach (history, law) and is based on general scientific and special scientific methods, first of all, retrospection and legal analysis. The study result that the adoption of the �On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the USSR� Act in 1981 was, among other things, due to the need to regulate the main aspects of the stay of foreign tourists in the Soviet Union as there was a formal principle that foreigners enjoyed the same rights and freedoms and had the same responsibilities as Soviet citizens, unless otherwise provided by current legislation. Due to this provision, foreigners were endowed with a fairly wide range of socio-economic and personal rights and freedoms, as well as certain political rights and freedoms. At the same time, the use of rights and freedoms by foreign citizens and stateless persons in the USSR should not have harmed the interests of Soviet society and the state, the rights and legitimate interests of the citizens of the USSR. The conclusions emphasize that the legal status of foreigners in the USSR was based on the following principles: 1) foreign citizens in the Soviet Union could claim the same rights and freedoms and bear the same obligations as citizens of the USSR; 2) foreigners were treated as equal before the law, regardless of the origin, social and property status, race and nationality, sex, education, language, etc.; 3) certain special restrictions were allowed in respect of citizens of those states in respect of which there were restrictions; 4) the enjoyment of rights and freedoms by foreign citizens in the USSR shouldn�t have harmed the �interests of Soviet society�. At the same time, the formally guaranteed rights of foreigners were not always realized in practice due to the peculiarities of the political regime in the country.

Of Gypsy Barons and the Power of Love: Operetta Programming and Popularity in the Postwar Soviet Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-59
Author(s):  
Kiril Tomoff
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Musical Theatre ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Box Office ◽  
The Soviet Union

AbstractThis article utilises a nearly unique collection of material (theatre box office data) and the reports of Soviet bureaucrats charged with overseeing musical theatre to analyse the programming and reception of operetta performed in the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1948, a period during which Soviet society shifted from world war to Cold War, and music, musical life and musical theatres underwent ideological scrutiny and endured intervention by the Communist Party’s Central Committee. It argues that although official programming and audience preferences were rarely in sync, their disjuncture followed a surprising pattern according to which Russian operetta-going audiences proved both more conservative and more patriotic than those responsible for the programming in operetta theatres. Marked differences between this Russian pattern and patterns observable in other republics – Ukraine gets particular attention – also attest to the diversity of taste and official ambitions for musical programming in the postwar Soviet Union.

scholarly journals Theatre Criticism in Lithuania in the [Late] Soviet Era: From Ideological to Aesthetic Guidelines

Menotyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Vasinauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Normative Criteria ◽  
The Impact

The article analyses the institution of Lithuanian theatre criticism in the Soviet period and its connection with the ideological requirements of the time. The resolutions of the Communist Party during the Stalinist and post-Stalinist periods, theatre repertoire, reviews, and the concept of social realism in the theatre are also discussed. The 1946–1948 resolutions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that regulated the development of culture and art, as well as the doctrine of socialist realism influenced both the practice of theatre and its critics. In the 1950s and 1960s, theatre criticism became a tool of ideology and propaganda, to such an extent that it ‘itself created a socialist realist text’. It is also important that during this period, the names of interwar critics disappeared from the press; critics were represented by party functionaries, party-owned directors, actors, and writers. The ‘return’ of criticism is related with the Thaw period and a new generation of both theatre creators and critics. It can be said that the independence and autonomy of criticism started taking shape in the late 1960s, especially with the performances of director Jonas Jurašas. Writing about the Jurašas’s productions, directed between 1967 and 1972, critics came to reflect on the nature of theatre, theatrical creation or creative freedom, and the disguised and false reality. The discourse of criticism not only freed itself from previously obligatory normative criteria and depersonalised style, but also started representing the subjective gaze of the critic, who not only tried to cover the aesthetic/artistic whole of the performance, but also to establish direct contact with both creators and readers, to capture and convey the impact of the performance on the viewers of their time. In summary, despite external (censorship) and internal (self-censorship) circumstances, the discourse of theatrical criticism changed only at the end of the 1960s, and began to approach artistic discourse: the ideological criteria for understanding and evaluating a performance theatrical production were replaced by artistic and aesthetic ones.

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