Salt I: An Evaluation

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Garthoff
Keyword(s):  
Arms Control ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Balance Salt ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Main Shortcoming

The SALT I Agreements, concluded in 1972, are assessed with the benefit of several years’ perspective. This study examines the negotiations and agreements from the standpoint of achievements and shortcomings. It finds a number of each, but on balance a substantial positive achievement. SALT I marked a beginning to collaborative efforts at strategic arms control by the two superpowers, and in a number of respects—especially the ABM Treaty—it had a clear and favorable effect in mitigating the arms competition. The main shortcoming was the failure to reach significant restraints on strategic offensive arms, especially a ban on MIRV's at a time when that was still possible. Also, the pursuit of “bargaining chips” for arms negotiations can impede arms control and contribute to arms competition. An “oversell” étente and SALT in 1972 prompted a swing to undervaluing both in the late 1970's. netheless, on balance SALT I was a significant step forward.

Variations in the Lipid Profile of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure, Treated with Folic Acid

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Gómez Dumm ◽  
Giammona ◽  
Touceda
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acid Therapy

Dyslipidemia and increases in plasma homocysteine usually occur at end-stage renal disease; both are recognized as risk factors for atherosclerosis. Folate administration reduces homocysteine concentration. In this study we determined the effect of a high dose of folic acid (40 mg intravenous injection three times a week) on plasma and red blood cell lipid profiles in twelve chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study (baseline) and after 21, 42, and 64 days of treatment. Folic acid supplementation decreased plasma homocysteine. Plasma triglyceride levels decreased whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid values increased after 21 days; then they returned to baseline levels at the end of treatment. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were higher than those of the baseline during all the study, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was reduced. In erythrocyte membranes, folic acid therapy enhanced cholesterol/phospholipid ratios and the fluorescence anisotropy of diphenyl-hexatriene. We conclude that large doses of folic acid produce a favorable effect, reducing plasma homocysteine levels and protecting patients from atherosclerosis. However, as this therapy induces significant alterations in both plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid profiles, plasma lipid values should be controlled throughout the treatment of patients with renal failure.

Playful activities in the learning of geometric notions in children of initial, Callao

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Carla Marilia Ayala Valladares ◽  
Juana Maria Cruz Montero ◽  
Angel Saldarriaga Melgar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Geometric Figures ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

The main purpose of the research was to determine the effects of the program of ludic activities for the learning of geometry in children of five years in all their dimensions orientation and location, geometric shapes and measurement, through its components: location in space, identify locations and positions of objects, identify and characterize geometric figures and communicate the qualities of these, likewise identify, classify magnitudes and use various measuring instruments. The type of research was applied, with a quasi-experimental design, the population was constituted by 103 children, and a non-probabilistic sample was used for convenience with a sample of 51 children, divided into two control and experimental groups. The geometry instrument was used to collect information. The favorable effect of the program of playful activities in the learning of geometric notions in children of initial - Callao, 2018 was determined.

Arms Control: Bomb-grade bargain

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Jai Singh
Keyword(s):  
Arms Control

From Phenotype to Genotype And Back Again

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richtsmeier ◽  
K.M. Lesciotto
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Change ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Developmental Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Current Emphasis

Traditionally, anthropologists study evolutionary change throughmorphological analysis of fossils and comparative primate data. For the analysis of the genotypephenotype continuum, the current emphasis on genes is misplaced because genes don’t make structure. Developmental processes make structure through the activity of cells that use instructions specified by genes. A critical mechanism underlying any phenotypic trait is the genetically guided change in developmental events that produce the trait. But even when a developmental mechanism is identified, the links between genetically guided instructions and phenotypic outcome are lengthy, complicated, flexible, and sensitive to physical forces of functioning organs. We use the study of craniofacial phenotypes of craniosynostosis (premature closure of sutures) to demonstrate how patterns produced by the covariation of cranial traits cannot always reveal mechanism. Next we turn to encephalization, a critical feature of human evolution that covaries with cranial phenotypes, and show how experimental approaches can be used to analyze mechanism underlying this well-documented pattern in human evolution. With the realization that no single line of evidence can explain the dramatic changes in cranial morphology that characterize human evolution come fundamental changes in the way we conduct anthropological inquiry - collaborative efforts from scientists with diverse expertise will continue to push the field forward.

Modifiers for Rigid Polyvinylchloride Compositions of Building Purpose

2020 ◽  
Vol 787 (12) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
L.A. Abdrakhmanova ◽  
◽  
K.R. Khuziakhmetova ◽  
R.K. Nizamov ◽  
V.G. Khozin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Interface ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Thermomechanical Testing ◽  
Building Purpose ◽  
Microscopy Data ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

A comparison of small doses (up to 0.7 mass part) of impact strength modifiers of foreign and domestic production in polyvinylchloride-based compositions is given. Domestic acrylicnitrile- butadiene styrene modifiers (ABS) were used. The developed shock-resistant polyvinylchloride compositions in the presence of ABS elastifier have high melt fluidity, which has a beneficial effect on the recyclability. Changes in supramolecular structure were estimated from thermomechanical testing and electron microscopy data for both unfilled and filled PVC samples. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the presence of ABS modifier had a favorable effect on the technological properties of PVC-based samples. Electron-microscopic images indicate that in unfilled PVC samples, the heterogeneous PVC structure is expressed in the presence of ABS copolymer in comparison with foreign acrylic modifiers. When the compositions are filled with micro-heterogeneous structure in dispersion medium, the filler-polymer is formed by chalk particles, while ABS elasticifier is at the phase interface. Due to the peculiarities of the structure ABS has a higher degree of “fixation” on the surface of the chalk particles in comparison with the basic compositions containing acrylic modifiers, which with increasing chalk concentration leads to lower wear and tear on the top of the forming equipment.

How to Think About Conventional Arms Control: A Framework. Volume 1

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Shaver ◽  
Michael F. Altfeld ◽  
Regina Gaillard ◽  
John Scott
Keyword(s):  
Arms Control
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