Consociational Democracy

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend Lijphart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Consociational Democracy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Democratic Systems

In Gabriel A. Almond's famous typology of political systems, first expounded in 1956, he distinguishes three types of Western democratic systems: Anglo-American political systems (exemplified by Britain and the United States), Continental European political systems (France, Germany, and Italy), and a third category consisting of the Scandinavian and Low Countries. The third type is not given a distinct label and is not described in detail; Almond merely states that the countries belonging to this type “combine some of the features of the Continental European and the Anglo-American” political systems, and “stand somewhere in between the Continental pattern and the Anglo-American.” Almond's threefold typology has been highly influential in the comparative analysis of democratic politics, although, like any provocative and insightful idea, it has also been criticized. This research note will discuss the concept of “consociational democracy” in a constructive attempt to refine and elaborate Almond's typology of democracies.

The Project for a New Anglo Century

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Bell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Constituent Elements

This chapter sketches a synoptic intellectual history of the attempt to unify the constituent elements of the “Anglo-world” into a single globe-spanning community, and to harness its purported world-historical potential as an agent of order and justice. Since the late nineteenth century numerous commentators have preached the benefits of unity, though they have often disagreed on the institutional form it should assume. These are projects for the creation of a new Anglo century. The first two sections of the chapter explore overlapping elements of the fin de siècle Anglo-world discourse. The third section traces the echoes of debates over the future relationship between the empire and the United States through the twentieth century, discussing the interlacing articulation of imperial-commonwealth, Anglo-American, democratic unionist, and world federalist projects. The final section discusses contemporary accounts of Anglo-world supremacy.

Public Pension Reforms in the United States and Japan

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNKO KATO
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Reform Legislation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Policy Proposals

In the early 1980s, facing the financial crises in their public pension systems, the governments of both the United States and Japan proposed reform. In each case the reform efforts failed. A few years later policy proposals by special commissions led to the enactment of reform legislation in both countries. No major political upheavals occurred in the intervening years; but in both cases, failure turned into success in a short period. The article demonstrates that similar shifts in political strategy (the use of special commissions) produced parallel outcomes (the benefits cut reforms). This study points to the universal components of political strategy in democratic systems at the same time as it emphasizes the distinctive feature of the American and Japanese political systems.

scholarly journals THE INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO - COLEOPTERA

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N. Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Not Given ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third

The very latest authoritative names for the beetles of Puerto Rico are included in the "Checklist of Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the "West Indies and South America", compiled by Dr. Richard E. Blackwelder. This is Bulletin No. 185 of the United States National Museum, of which two parts appeared in 1944, the third in 1945, the fourth in 1946, while the fifth and concluding part was received late in 1947. As indications of generic transfers are not given in this list, none is included in the following pages. His changes in the gender of specific names are followed in the first citation even of economic insects, but often not subsequently.

Educational Entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu - A Profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siluvai Raja
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Education System ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Education has been considered as an indispensable asset of every individual, community and nation today. Indias higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States (World Bank). Tamil Nadu occupies the first place in terms of possession of higher educational institutions in the private sector in the country with over 46 percent(27) universities, 94 percent(464) professional colleges and 65 percent(383) arts and science colleges(2011). Studies to understand the profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education either in India or Tamil Nadu were hardly available. This paper attempts to map the demographic profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education in Arts and Science colleges in Tamil Nadu through an empirical analysis, carried out among 25 entrepreneurs spread across the state. This paper presents a summary of major inferences of the analysis.

Selznick beyond Hollywood

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Platte
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Farewell To Arms

Selznick’s co-productions with elite European filmmakers contrast noticeably with his Hollywood work. The Third Man’s hyper-stylized cinematography and solo zither score by Anton Karas resemble no other Selznick film, partly because Selznick’s role was much reduced. But with subsequent European co-productions the producer sought to reinsert himself into the music. This chapter traces these battles as they unfolded on the soundtrack, with Selznick reasserting his creative voice through re-edited versions distributed only in the United States. Most striking is the case of Stazione Termini, which Selznick released as Indiscretion of an American Wife. With Alessandro Cicognini’s score re-edited by Audray Granville, music in the new version does different work from its cinematic sibling. In his final productions, including Mario Nascimbene’s music for A Farewell to Arms, Selznick’s use of music to structure narrative and develop commercial appeal re-emerges as one of the producer’s greatest priorities.

Campaigns and Elections in a Changing Media Landscape

2019 ◽  
pp. 403-426
Author(s):  
Michael X. Delli Carpini ◽  
Bruce A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Media ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Campaigns And Elections ◽  
The Media

The media landscape of countries across the globe is changing in profound ways that are of relevance to the study and practice of political campaigns and elections. This chapter uses the concept of media regimes to put these changes in historical context and describe the major drivers that lead to a regime’s formation, institutionalization, and dissolution. It then turns to a more detailed examination of the causes and qualities of what is arguably a new media regime that has formed in the United States; the extent to which this phenomenon has or is occurring (albeit in different ways) elsewhere; and how the conduct of campaigns and elections are changing as a result. The chapter concludes with thoughts on the implications of the changing media landscape for the study and practice of campaigns and elections specifically, and democratic politics more generally.

Dimensions of Public Sector Pay Policies in the United States and Sweden

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Recascino Wise
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Dimension

Three dimensions for analyzing public sector pay administration are used to examine central government pay administration in Sweden and the United States of America. On the first dimension, market posture, both countries are found to fall short of their espoused policy, comparability. Greater consistency is found on the second dimension, social orientation, where both countries have pursued the goal of social equality. The equilization of salary levels across society is far greater in Sweden in keeping with the socialist objectives of wage solidarity. The third dimension, reward structure, shows the greatest distance between the two countries with the struggle to implement performance-contingent pay underway in the U.S. while Swedes continue to rely on longevity for pay increases.

Third edition of goodman & gilman

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Major Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pharmacological Basis

We hardly ever review a book, but ‘The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics’ by L. S. Goodman and A. Gilman is an exception. It has always been an outstanding book, full of balanced, reliable and detailed facts about all important drugs. This is still true of the third edition (Collier-MacMillan 1965, pp. 1785; 180/-) which marks a major change, for it has been largely written and re-written by 42 experts: Goodman and Gilman have concentrated on rigorous editing. Anyone who wants detailed information will find it here, backed with ample references, and we recommend it to all who have a more than average interest in drugs. It does not aim to help directly with the choice of drugs in practice, and it contains little about general principles. Some drugs marketed only outside the United States are naturally not mentioned.

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