The Uses of Foreign Policy in Indonesia An Approach to the Analysis of Foreign Policy in the Less Developed Countries

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin B. Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Important Respect ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Less Developed Country

Most of the writing on foreign policy in the less developed countries stresses either the importance of idiosyncratic sources of policy or the identification of a number of relatively long-term factors which influence the formation of policy. These studies are helpful in many ways, but in one important respect they are unsatisfying. They do not give us a clear picture of how foreign policy relates to the political and economic problems that constitute the essence of being a less developed country.

scholarly journals Coherent Mortality Forecasting for Less Developed Countries

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Pintao Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Mortality Forecasting ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Less Developed Country ◽  
Mortality Improvement ◽  
Long Term Mortality

This paper proposes a coherent multi-population approach to mortality forecasting for less developed countries. The majority of these countries have witnessed faster mortality declines among the young and the working age populations during the past few decades, whereas in the more developed countries, the contemporary mortality declines have been more substantial among the elders. Along with the socioeconomic developments, the mortality patterns of the less developed countries may become closer to those of the more developed countries. As a consequence, forecasting the long-term mortality of a less developed country by simply extrapolating its historical patterns might lead to implausible results. As an alternative, this paper proposes to incorporate the mortality patterns of a group of more developed countries as the benchmark to improve the forecast for a less developed one. With long-term, between-country coherence in mind, we allow the less developed country’s age-specific mortality improvement rates to gradually converge with those of the benchmark countries during the projection phase. Further, we employ a data-driven, threshold hitting approach to control the speed of this convergence. Our method is applied to China, Brazil, and Nigeria. We conclude that taking into account the gradual convergence of mortality patterns can lead to more reasonable long-term forecasts for less developed countries.

scholarly journals Introducing Storage Concepts to Growers in Less-developed Countries

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116
Author(s):  
W. Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Extension Program

Under most circumstances, some type of storage, from ephemeral to long-term, is an asset in the marketing of horticultural products. However, attempts to transfer developed country (DC) storage technology to the less-developed countries (LDCs) can be futile unless two conditions are met: 1) There must be a prior extension program to introduce the concept of what produce storage involves and what benefits can be expected from its proper use; and 2) the storage techniques introduced must be appropriate for the area. In many circumstances it may be necessary to start with very simple “old-fashioned” methods. Stages of development in LDCs are described, together with suggestions as to appropriate storage methods for each stage and how to prepare for them.

scholarly journals Developing Knowledge of Supply Chain Resilience in Less-Developed Countries in the Pandemic Age

Logistics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
João M. Lopes ◽  
Sofia Gomes ◽  
Lassana Mané
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The Impact

The constraints imposed by the pandemic COVID-19 increased the risks of the disruption of supply chains, bringing new challenges to companies. These effects were felt more intensely in less-developed countries, which are highly dependent on imports of products and raw materials. This study aims to assess the impact of supply chain resilience in a less-developed country (Guinea-Bissau) using complex adaptive system theory. We used a qualitative methodology through multiple case studies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four companies. The semi-structured script contains questions about supply chain disruptions, vulnerabilities and resilience. The main results show that the companies in Guinea-Bissau, due to their dependence on the outside world and the absence of formal, larger and more diversified supply chains, suffered serious consequences with the disruption imposed by the pandemic. It was also concluded that the more resilient the supply chain, the fewer the impacts of crisis events and that the resilience of companies at this level depends on their obtaining competitive advantages over their competitors. The main practical implications of this study are the need to formalize the supply chain, diversify the supply of services and products of companies dependent on the exterior, adopt metrics that allow for the early detection of situations of supply chain disruption, effectively manage stocks and promote proactive crisis resolution strategies. Studies on the impact of resilience on supply chains in crises are scarce, especially on companies located in underdeveloped countries.

Putinomics under Pressure

Putinomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Miller
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
Real Challenge

The war in Ukraine, Western economic sanctions, and slumping oil prices during 2014 and 2015 have renewed questions about the long-term prospects of Putinomics. Many Western analysts predicted that Russia’s economy and Vladimir Putin’s adventurous foreign policy would quickly fold after the imposition of sanctions. These predictions proved false, and Russian businesses have adapted to sanctions and lower oil prices without great difficulty. The real challenge to Putinomics lies not in financial crisis—Putin’s habit of saving in the good times mean that Russia has plenty of resources with which to fend off a financial squeeze—but stagnation. Will Russians tolerate GDP growth of only 1-2%? Such a rate is acceptable for a developed country, but far below Russia’s potential. If discontent surges, can Putin find a way to spark new growth to placate the population? It is difficult to predict the future course of Russian politics. But betting against Putinomics has rarely been a winning strategy. 

The place of forestry in the energy question

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The World

Although forests supply a major part of the energy needs of the less developed countries in the world, the industrialized nations cannot look forward to very significant contributions from existing forests in this matter. Even if the economic problems of cost are ignored there is not enough wood left, even in a forest-rich country like Canada, to provide more than about 5% of the energy needs of the country after the requirements of the forest products industries have been met. Forests can, however, supplement other energy sources in certain situations. Energy farming seems to be the only way in which forestry can make a significant long-term contribution to energy supply, particularly if research in development of wood-fired generating plants and management of stands for energy production is pursued.

A View of the Contribution of the Ergonomist in under-Developed Countries

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Basic Concepts

Ergonomists from advanced technology should recognize their basic concepts, data, and techniques may not be directly applicable to an under-developed country. For example, anthropometric data may not be suitable. And ergonomics decisions must be considered in light of the political and social factors of the under-developed country. However, ergonomists can make as effective a contribution to underdeveloped countries as any technological specialty.

Social Development and Foreign Policy

1960 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Walter M. Kotschnig
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
Nomic Development ◽  
Social Objective ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
Aid Programs

The contemporary realization of the importance of international progress in the economic and social fields, and particularly the development of the less-developed countries, has added a new dimension to foreign policy and resulted in vast foreign aid programs. Chief factors in this development are the unprecedented acceleration in population growth occur ring primarily in the less-developed countries least able to sus tain it, the "revolution of rising expectations," and Communist penetration. In addition to an increase in financial and tech nical assistance to the less-developed countries, the free world, building on strength, must emphasize that the purpose of eco nomic development is a social objective and that the methods used to promote development cannot be divorced from the overriding social objective without destroying the objective itself. Development planning should aim at balanced economic and social growth and stress economic programs with an early social impact in terms of improved levels of living, and social programs designed to further economic growth.

scholarly journals Political Forecasting As An Integral Part Of Optimizing Public Strategic Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Fatkhulla Habibullaevich Hikmatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Management ◽  
Political Subsystem ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The main content of the article is currently concerned only with the problems of methodology and methodology of political forecasting: the ability to see political change adequately is one of the main conditions for the correct view of political management strategies and tactics, targeted influence on political processes. The article analyzes such issues as the strength and continuity of the "forecasting - planning - management" chain, as the most important factor in achieving current and long-term goals and objectives for the political subsystem, institutions, entities and society as a whole. It also analyzes the experience of developed countries in determining the status of forecasting efficiency analysis centers through their relations with various government agencies.

scholarly journals The Mediating Effect of Brand Trust on The Influence of Communication, Price, and Product Quality on Consumer Purchase Behaviour in a Less-Developed Country

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Mohammed Esmail Al-Ekam
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Perceived Product Quality ◽  
Less Developed Country

Brand trust is one of the key elements in brand building and securing customer loyalty, based on relationship marketing factors. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of perceived product price, perceived product quality and communication on brand trust, and the effect of brand trust on consumer purchase behaviour based on the relationship theory perspective. The research instrument was developed based on items taken from previous studies. Questionnaires were distributed to 1400 consumers in 10 primary and secondary schools in three towns in Sanaa, Ibb, and Aden in Yemen. Only 711 questionnaires were used for statistical analysis, using Partial Least Squares (PLS–SEM). Results indicated that trust has a positive significant impact on purchase behaviour. Trust is also a mediator between communication and purchase behaviour, and between perceived quality and purchase behaviour. In addition, this study showed that both perceived product quality and communication positively influence building brand trust. The constructed model has a good goodness-of-fit index. This research also discussed practical implications and applications in developing and less-developed countries.  

Negotiation in Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Alternative Means

Foreign policy often involves two or more countries finding a path from contested interests to a peaceful agreement that incorporates the political and security desires of the relevant parties. In almost every case, the possibility of armed conflict as an alternative means of settling disagreements casts its shadow. Recent research on foreign policy can be well understood as following the view, first articulated by Thomas C. Schelling, that all international relations is really about negotiations and bargaining. This worldview brings a number of aspects of international politics into a natural and coherent framework. We can understand what leads countries to fail to reach peaceful solutions when disagreements arise, how the issues on the agenda influence the content and success of negotiations, and how domestic constituencies shape the ability of leaders to make agreements. Equally important, we can understand the trade-offs between short-term negotiating advantages and long-term issues of reputation.

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