Federal Political Systems and Federal Societies

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Stein
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
American Constitution ◽  
World War ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Regional Governments

Until these recent studies by Riker, Watts, and Wildavsky appeared, the theory of federalism was embodied largely in the work of K. C. Wheare. Wheare published the first truly pathbreaking book in the comparative study of federalism shortly after World War II. He defined federalism as that system of government in which the federal and regional governments are both coordinate and independent. In applying this definition, he stressed the sharp division in the powers and functions of two coequal sovereignties as a basis for classifying systems of government as federal. Wheare's definition was derived primarily from his analysis of die American Constitution and, in particular, its formally sharp division of powers between national and state governments.

Social Science, Communism, and the Dynamics of Political Change

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Janos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Comparative Study

In the past thirty years the comparative study of communism as conducted in the United States has rested on two conceptual pillars: Weber's theory of routinization and Spencer's notion of progress through industrialism. This article points out some of the limitations of these theories and then develops a more comprehensive framework for comparisons. One of the keys to the understanding of communist politics is the model of a “military society,” also formulated by Spencer but generally ignored by contemporary social science. In terms of this model, communism is presented as a militant geopolitical response to international inequalities, the initial logic of which has been undermined by technological developments in the period following World War II.

A Comparative study of Gandhi and Nehru and in their Autobiographies

IJOHMN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Comparative Treatment ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Different Parts

Autobiography is usually defined as a retrospective narrative written about one’s life, in the first person and in prose. Such writing has appeared with increasing frequency in Western Literature since the beginning of nineteenth century but after World War II, it gained considerable significance. Now autobiographies all over the world and especially in India are extensively read and enjoyed, but paradoxically enough, they have received very scant critical attention, let alone comparative treatment. The comparative approach to literature enables us to widen our critical horizon and develop the concept of prevalent literary tendencies in the world as well as the different regions of a nation. The comparative study of authors belonging to the different nations should be preceded by that of authors belonging to the same country, preferably coming from two different parts of the country belonging to two different fields and professions. It is needless to say, that the comparative study aims at establishing the universality and oneness of human experience through the depiction of diverse peculiarities of it

Communism and the Comparative Study of Development

Slavic Review ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Kautsky
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The Comparative Study

First of all, I should like to support as strongly as I can Professor Meyer's plea that the study of the Soviet Union and of communism be integrated with the study of comparative politics. For a number of reasons Soviet and Communist studies have developed apart from the rest of political science in this country. Among these reasons is probably the general growth of area studies with their noncomparative stress during and especially after World War II. More particularly, the government's need for information about Communist countries and the mobility of personnel in this field between government agencies and universities have bent some of the scholarly work in it in the direction of intelligence work. Also, in the study of these countries, refugees from them have played a significant role. Quite naturally, they have been more inclined to deal with the countries of their origin alone and to see them as unique than to compare them with non-Communist systems.

scholarly journals Niemiecka droga do demokracji i gospodarki rynkowej jako przykład dla państw Europy Wschodniej

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Martin Dahl
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Political System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Democratic Political System

The German experience with democracy and the market economy can be particularly valuable for other European countries for at least two reasons. Firstly, after World War II, the Germans effectively and permanently managed to enter the democratic political system based on the market economy. Initially, the economy was implemented only in the western part of the country and since 1990 all over the country. Secondly, after the collapse of the former Soviet bloc, Central European countries greatly benefited from German political solutions. This means that in favourable conditions, these experiences can be a valuable source of inspiration for other countries, especially those in Eastern Europe.This study is a result of research conducted in 2016 as part of the project ‘Germany and Russia in a multipolar international order. Strategic vision and potential alliances’ with the support of the Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation. It consists of four parts. Part I is an introduction to the issues analysed. Part II shows the genesis and characteristics of the democratic political system of Germany. Part III contains an analysis of the German experience with the implementation of the market economy. In Part IV, the author presents his conclusions of how and to what extent Eastern European countries can use the German experience in reforming their political systems and what conditions they would have to meet.

The N.C.N.C. and Ethnic Unions in Biafra

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Chapman Smock
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
First Republic ◽  
Ethnic Factors

The omnipresence of ethnic factors as a determinant in Nigerian politics during the first republic appears almost as a truism for Africansts today. The fragmentation of Nigeria into two units with the secession of Biafra on 30 May 1967 constitutes the most tragic and vivid manifestation of the consequences of ethnic confrontation. But in addition to these well-known ethnic-bloc politics at the macropolitical— Federal—level, competition based on ethnic groups also characterised the regional and local political systems. After all, the separate identities of such ethnic groups as the Ibo, the Yoruba, and the Hausa—Fulani only became relevant and generally accepted subsequent to the Introduction of a representative political system after World War II.

scholarly journals Anti-Fascism, Anti-Communism, and Memorial Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Todd Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
National Origin ◽  
World War ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Global Study ◽  
Origin Myths ◽  
Military Units

The International Brigades were volunteer military units that fought for the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1938. Some 40,000-45,000 men fought in the International Brigades as an act of anti-Fascism, international solidarity, and national preservation. Although many historians have examined the volunteer soldiers’ motivations, wartime experiences, and reintegration into their home societies on a national basis, there has not yet been a global study of veteran reintegration and memorial culture. This global comparative study demonstrates that a state’s acceptance or rejection of their Brigade veterans was dictated by a global anti-Fascist and anti-Communist divide. In nations that underwent an ideological shift from anti-Fascism to anti-Communism after World War II, the veterans were repressed as potential threats and denied access to state-sponsored memory. In response to this exclusion, the veterans created their own memorial cultures. In nations that retained or renewed their commitment to anti-Fascism, the veterans were welcomed into the pantheon of state heroes as these states incorporated the Brigades into their national origin myths.

scholarly journals Comparison of Japanese and British Monarchy after World War II

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. p22
Author(s):  
Wang Chutong
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Symbol ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

Both Britain and Japan have made reservations and continuations to the monarchy in the process of historical development, and their political systems are constitutional monarchy. The royal family of both countries has a very long history. With the historical development and social change, the monarch has become a spiritual and cultural symbol. The “sanctification” of the monarch and the strong “plot of the monarch” have been deeply rooted in social culture. From the perspective of historical development and social and cultural influence, although there are similarities between the royals of the two countries, their roles in political, economic and social stability are different from the ways in which they are exerted. Through the comparison between Britain and Japanese monarchy in the above three aspects, this paper analyzes the difference between the two countries monarchy in the size of the role, the way to implement the role and the impact, and finally compares and summarizes the role of the two countries monarchy.

scholarly journals How Kerala and Rajasthan Mitigated COVID-19: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yash Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
State Governments ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Low Rate

All the countries of the world have been taking all the possible precautionary measures to combat COVID-19. In India, although there are many states which were affected by this flareup, the authors had taken only two states, i.e., Kerala and Rajasthan. Both the states did their best to combat this pandemic. Kerala was the first state to witness the first case in India on 30th January 2020 whereas in Rajasthan, the first case was tested on 2nd March 2020. After announcing this flareup as a pandemic by WHO, all the states did their best to break the chain of transmission, till date the recovery rate of India is 63.30%, Kerala is 47%, and Rajasthan is 73%. The high rate of recovery and low rate of case fatality show the benefits of early lockdown and the precautionary measures taken by Government of India and State governments (Kerala and Rajasthan). This paper implies the comparative study of all the precautionary measures and situation of COVID-19 in the two states.

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