Optimizing Military Assistance Training

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Windle ◽  
T. R. Vallance
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The World ◽  
International Development Aid ◽  
Aid Programs

There are many means employed by the United States to maintain and advance its position throughout the world during the current period of bipolar conflict. The most conspicuous of these are subsumed under what is known as the Mutual Security Program. Nearly half of the approximately $4 billion budgeted during fiscal year 1962 for mutual security went into military assistance. Of this, about $125 million was devoted to the training of foreign military personnel. This Military Assistance Training Program, including the training of foreigners in the United States and that administered overseas by Military Assistance Advisory Groups (MAAG's), missions, overseas commands, and third countries, constitutes by far the largest effort the world has known on the part of one country to educate and train citizens of others. The number of foreigners given military assistance training in the United States each year—about 16,500 in 1960—exceeds the number trained here under the Fulbright, Smith-Mundt, and Agency for International Development (AID) programs combined.

“THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE OF THE FUTURE”: DECOLONIZATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE AMERICAN EMBRACE OF GLOBAL ENGLISH, 1945–1965

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANA LEMBERG
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Development ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Global English ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
American Interest ◽  
International Development Aid

The two decades following the Second World War were marked by geopolitical and pedagogical ferment, as researchers and policymakers debated the role of language teaching in a rapidly changing world. As European empires collapsed amid Cold War competition for global influence, limited colonial education systems gave way to new discourses connecting postcolonial educational expansion, international development aid, and language teaching. This article reveals increasing American interest in the connections between development and vehicular English from 1945 to 1965. Drawing on the work of anglophone reformers, American elites promoted English as a development tool, and institutionalized policies designed to spread it abroad. The rise of the idea of global English in the United States, the article shows, was rooted in an instrumental conception of language, which framed English as a politically neutral vehicle for communication, yet this discourse was contradicted by the United States’ strategic ambitions.

America and Security Sponsorship

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Reich ◽  
Richard Ned Lebow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
The U.S

This chapter draws on a conceptual and empirical analysis to rethink America's posthegemonic role in the world. While guided by self-interest, the chapter contends that the United States should pursue a strategy that helps to implement policies that are widely supported and are often mooted or initiated by others. It should generally refrain from attempting to set the agenda and lead in a traditional realist or liberal sense. Drawing on Simon Reich's work on global norms, the chapter looks at the success Washington has had in sponsoring—that is, in backing—initiatives originating elsewhere. It examines the successful provision of military assistance to NATO's campaign in Libya, which offers a stark contrast to the U.S. approach to Iraq. The chapter then offers counterfactual cases of U.S. drug policy in Mexico and efforts to keep North Korea from going nuclear.

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