Politics and Economics in Southeast Asia

1959 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-315
Author(s):  
Willis C. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
The North ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Regional Basis

South of China, east of India, and above the Antipodes, Southeast Asia may be more of a “geographic expression” than a “region”; perhaps, however, it deserves analysis on a regional basis. Certain similarities unite these countries, even though a consciousness on the part of the peoples of the area that they are a “region” has been slow to develop; Dien Bienphu seemed nearer to Washington than to Singapore. One of the volumes reviewed here uses the term “low-pressure area” to explain the fact that historically the national states of Southeast Asia have not been strong, and that the area has been subjected to great pressure from more densely populated countries to the north and west.

scholarly journals Microseisms in North America

1931 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gutenberg
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Geodetic Survey ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Rocky Coast ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
The Waves

Summary The microseisms in North America show in general the same peculiarities that they show in other regions, especially in Europe. When there is a storm near the coast we find short waves which are more or less irregular and which have periods between one half and several seconds. At more distant stations the periods are in general between four and nine seconds. The amplitudes are influenced by the subsoil. The stations at Milwaukee and Chicago (United States Coast and Geodetic Survey) especially show larger amplitudes than other stations. These larger movements may be caused by the moist nature of the soil near Lake Michigan. The smallest microseisms were found at Tucson. The subsoil there is sand or loose gravel. To eliminate the effect of the subsoil and of errors in the magnification of the instruments, the mean maximum of four time intervals was taken as the unit at every station. Amplitudes measured in these units are called “relative amplitudes.” If one draws maps with these relative amplitudes at the different stations, one finds that the lowest values cover one region and the highest values another. Figure 4 shows the values and lines of equal relative amplitudes on four different dates. The lines could be drawn only very roughly as the values are influenced by various errors and as only a very few points could be used. Such maps were drawn for all cases and hours discussed in this paper. The distribution of the areas with large microseisms depends upon the position of the low-pressure area in the following manner: Low-pressure areas approaching the west coast of North America cause an increase in microseisms near the region where they approach the coast. These movements are not propagated very far along the coast nor perpendicular to it. At the stations in the center of the continent there is sometimes a slight increase of motion. Storms and low-pressure areas over the central parts of the continent do not cause microseisms at all. Also when they reach the coast of the Atlantic in the southern or middle east no microseisms or only local motions arise. But as soon as they approach this coast in the north, microseisms increase over the whole continent, especially if the depressions have steep gradients and cause storms against the coasts of Newfoundland and Canada. So we find that, just as in Europe, surf due to storm against steep, rocky coasts is the cause of the microseisms with periods of four to nine seconds. Also, just as in Eurasia, where the movements are propagated best if the Scandinavian Shield is shaken, we find the largest area with large microseisms if the Canadian Shield is shaken by the storm-surf. In Europe the young mountains in the south cause rather rapid decrease in the motion. In western America the higher folded mountains nearly prevent the propagation of the movements by reflecting and refracting a large part of the energy. Observations show that neither the air-pressure, nor its change, nor storm can be the cause of the microseisms. The result of the calculations is that no possible disturbance near the surface of the ocean can be propagated through the water to the bottom, but that the energy of the waves transferred by the surf to the coast is large enough to cause the movements. Therefore, Wiechert's hypothesis that the surf produced by storm blowing against a steep rocky coast is the cause, will hold over the whole earth. Special conditions, the areas permitting good propagation and mountain ranges hindering the movements, must be investigated in special studies. In addition to its general views, this paper constitutes the first study of this kind in the case of North America.

In the Service of World Revolution: Vietnamese Communists’ Radical Ambitions through the Three Indochina Wars

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-30
Author(s):  
Tuong Vu
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
International System ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The 1950S

The terms “decolonization” and “Cold War” refer to specific processes and periods in the international system, but they do not capture the full agency of local actors such as Vietnamese Communists. Based on recently available archival materials from Hanoi, this article maps those terms onto Vietnamese Communist thinking through four specific cases. The declassified materials underscore the North Vietnamese leaders’ deep commitment to a radical worldview and their occasional willingness to challenge Moscow and Beijing for leadership of world revolution. The article illuminates the connections (or lack thereof) between global, regional, and local politics and offers a more nuanced picture of how decolonization in Southeast Asia in the 1950s–1980s sparked not only a Cold War confrontation but also a regional war.

scholarly journals Springtime daily variations in lower-tropospheric ozone over east Asia: the role of cyclonic activity and pollution as observed from space with IASI

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 10839-10856 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dufour ◽  
M. Eremenko ◽  
J. Cuesta ◽  
C. Doche ◽  
G. Foret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Co Observations ◽  
Low Pressure Systems

Abstract. We use satellite observations from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) on board the MetOp-A satellite to evaluate the springtime daily variations in lower-tropospheric ozone over east Asia. The availability of semi-independent columns of ozone from the surface up to 12 km simultaneously with CO columns provides a powerful observational data set to diagnose the processes controlling tropospheric ozone enhancement on synoptic scales. By combining IASI observations with meteorological reanalyses from ERA-Interim, we develop an analysis method based only on IASI ozone and CO observations to identify the respective roles of the stratospheric source and the photochemical source in ozone distribution and variations over east Asia. The succession of low- and high-pressure systems drives the day-to-day variations in lower-tropospheric ozone. A case study analysis of one frontal system and one cut-off low system in May 2008 shows that reversible subsiding and ascending ozone transfers in the upper-troposphere–lower-stratosphere (UTLS) region, due to the tropopause perturbations occurring in the vicinity of low-pressure systems, impact free and lower-tropospheric ozone over large regions, especially north of 40° N, and largely explain the ozone enhancement observed with IASI for these latitudes. Irreversible stratosphere–troposphere exchanges of ozone-rich air masses occur more locally in the southern and southeastern flanks of the trough. The contribution to the lower-tropospheric ozone column is difficult to dissociate from the tropopause perturbations generated by weather systems. For regions south of 40° N, a significant correlation has been found between lower-tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) observations from IASI, especially over the North China Plain (NCP). Considering carbon monoxide observations as a pollutant tracer, the O3–CO correlation indicates that the photochemical production of ozone from primary pollutants emitted over such large polluted regions significantly contributes to the ozone enhancements observed in the lower troposphere via IASI. When low-pressure systems circulate over the NCP, stratospheric and pollution sources play a concomitant role in the ozone enhancement. IASI's 3-D observational capability allows the areas in which each source dominates to be determined. Moreover, the studied cut-off low system has enough potential convective capacity to uplift pollutants (ozone and CO) and to transport them to Japan. The increase in the enhancement ratio of ozone to CO from 0.16 on 12 May over the North China Plain to 0.28 over the Sea of Japan on 14 May indicates photochemical processing during the plume transport.

scholarly journals Seasonal Evolution of Aleutian Low Pressure Systems: Implications for the North Pacific Subpolar Circulation*

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Pickart ◽  
Alison M. Macdonald ◽  
G. W. K. Moore ◽  
Ian A. Renfrew ◽  
John E. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Aleutian Low ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Low Pressure Systems

Abstract The seasonal change in the development of Aleutian low pressure systems from early fall to early winter is analyzed using a combination of meteorological reanalysis fields, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data, and satellite wind data. The time period of the study is September–December 2002, although results are shown to be representative of the long-term climatology. Characteristics of the storms were documented as they progressed across the North Pacific, including their path, central pressure, deepening rate, and speed of translation. Clear patterns emerged. Storms tended to deepen in two distinct geographical locations—the Gulf of Alaska in early fall and the western North Pacific in late fall. In the Gulf of Alaska, a quasi-permanent “notch” in the SST distribution is argued to be of significance. The signature of the notch is imprinted in the atmosphere, resulting in a region of enhanced cyclonic potential vorticity in the lower troposphere that is conducive for storm development. Later in the season, as winter approaches and the Sea of Okhotsk becomes partially ice covered and cold, the air emanating from the Asian continent leads to enhanced baroclinicity in the region south of Kamchatka. This corresponds to enhanced storm cyclogenesis in that region. Consequently, there is a seasonal westward migration of the dominant lobe of the Aleutian low. The impact of the wind stress curl pattern resulting from these two regions of storm development on the oceanic circulation is investigated using historical hydrography. It is argued that the seasonal bimodal input of cyclonic vorticity from the wind may be partly responsible for the two distinct North Pacific subarctic gyres.

scholarly journals Synoptic climatological approach associated with three recent summer heatwaves in the Canadian Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Fazel-Rastgar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Pressure Centre ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Arctic Temperature

Abstract The observed unusually high temperatures in the Arctic during recent decades can be related to the Arctic sea ice declines in summer 2007, 2012 and 2016. Arctic dipole formation has been associated with all three heatwaves of 2007, 2012 and 2016 in the Canadian Arctic. Here, the differences in weather patterns are investigated and compared with normal climatological mean (1981–2010) structures. This study examines the high-resolution datasets from the North American Regional Reanalysis model. During the study periods, the north of Alaska has been affected by the low-pressure tongue. The maximum difference between Greenland high-pressure centre and Alaska low-pressure tongue for the summers of 2012, 2016 and 2007 are 8 hPa, 7 hPa and 6 hPa, respectively, corresponding and matching to the maximum summer surface Canadian Arctic temperature records. During anomalous summer heatwaves, low-level wind, temperatures, total clouds (%) and downward radiation flux at the surface are dramatically changed. This study shows the surface albedo has been reduced over most parts of the Canadian Arctic Ocean during the mentioned heatwaves (∼5–40%), with a higher change (specifically in the eastern Canadian Arctic region) during summer 2012 in comparison with summer 2016 and summer 2007, agreeing with the maximum surface temperature and sea ice decline records.

FARMERS' EXPERIENCES WITH LOW-PRESSURE DRIP IRRIGATION FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

2011 ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Palada ◽  
A.C. Mercado ◽  
M. Roberts ◽  
V.B. Ella ◽  
M.R. Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Perubahan fungsi Terminal Penumpang menjadi Fasilitas Parkir Angkutan Barang (Studi Kasus Terminal Terboyo Semarang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Kami Hari Basuki ◽  
Wahyudi Kushardjoko ◽  
Andreana J. G. S. Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Local Area ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Regional Basis

Semarang City has public transport terminal at Terboyo. It is unperformance terminal has caused by land subsidden and flood. The aims of this study is determined fisibility of Terboyo freight-transport terminal park at Semarang City. Methodology analysis at this study is improved transport modelling to determine freight-transport demand. Traffic counting survey with Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997 method are used to know the road and intersection performances that closest to Terminal Terboyo. The study results have showed most trucks parked in Kaligawe road and Yos Sudarso road was continuous journey, while trucks parked in Ronggowarsito road was a truck with the origin or destination of Semarang. Potential park fasilities at Terboyo is indicated by the length of the vehicle configuration plan of 8 meters and parking 45° obtained as much as 73 PSU (Parkign Space Unit), while the north side of the field with a length of 18 meters and plan vehicle parking configuration 30° obtained 76 PSU. It has powerfull to accommodate parking of heavy vehicles. This studi has not identified the potential of regional freight-transport. Occutionally, the pattern of movement of freight transport does not occur in the local area only. So, that further studies need to be conducted with respect to the coverage area of study on a regional basis.

scholarly journals The tadpole of the Narrow-mouthed Frog Microhyla fissipes from Vietnam (Anura: Microhylidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1675 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
RALF HENDRIX ◽  
ANNA GAWOR ◽  
MIGUEL VENCES ◽  
THOMAS ZIEGLER
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southern China ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Vietnam

Based on recent mtDNA analyses, Microhyla fissipes Boulenger was removed from the synonymy  with M. ornata (Duméril & Bibron) by Matsui et al. (2005),where previously it had been placed by Parker (1934). M. fissipes inhabits southern China (type locality: Taiwan) and large parts of Southeast Asia, including the north-ern Malay Peninsula (Matsui et al. 2005). As a contribution to future comprehensive revisions of larval mor-phology of Microhyla Tschudi, we here provide a detailed description of external morphology of reliably identified tadpoles recently collected from the Truong Son mountain range, central Vietnam.

Halogens in the mantle beneath the North Atlantic

1980 ◽  
Vol 297 (1431) ◽  
pp. 147-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Partial Melting ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
The North ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Ionic Size ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Incompatible Trace Elements

F, Cl and Br contents of tholeiitic volcanic glasses dredged along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 53° to 28° N, including the transect over the Azores Plateau, are reported. The halogen variations parallel those of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, La/Sm or other incompatible elements of varying volatility. The latitudinal halogen variation pattern is not obliterated if only Mg-rich lavas are considered. Variations in extent of low-pressure fractional crystallization or partial melting conditions do not appear to be the primary cause of the halogen variations. Instead, mantle-derived heterogeneities in halogens, with major enrichments in the mantle beneath the Azores, are suggested. The Azores platform is not only a ‘hotspot’ but also a ‘wetspot’, which may explain the unusually intense Azores volcanic activity. The magnitude of the halogen and incompatible element enrichments beneath the Azores appear strongly dependent on the size of these anions and cations, but independent of relative volatility at low pressure. The large anions Cl and Br behave similarly to large cations Rb, Cs and Ba, and the smaller anion F similarly to Sr and P. Processes involving crystal and liquid (fluid and/or melt), CO 2 rather than H 2 O dominated, seem to have produced these largescale mantle heterogeneities. Geochemical ‘anomalies’ beneath the Azores are no longer apparent for coherent element pair ratios of similar ionic size. Values of such ‘unfractionated’ coherent trace element ratios provide an indication of the mantle composition and its nature before fractionation event (s) which produced the inferred isotopic and trace element heterogeneities apparently present beneath the North Atlantic. The relative trace element composition of this precursor mantle does not resemble that of carbonaceous chondrites except for refractory trace element pairs of similar ionic size. It is strongly depleted in halogens, and to a lesser extent in large alkali ions Rb and Cs relative to refractory Ba. These relative depletions are comparable within a factor of 5 to Ganapathy & Anders’s estimates for the bulk Earth, with the exception of Cs. There is also evidence for removal of phosphorus into the iron core during its formation. With the exception of San Miguel, alkali basalts from the Azores Islands appear to have been derived from the same mantle source as tholeiitic basalts from the ridge transect over the Azores Platform but by half as much degree of partial melting. The Azores subaerial basalts seem to have been partly degassed in Cl, Br and F, in decreasing order of intensity. A working model involving metasomatism from release of fluids at phase transformation during convective mantle overturns is proposed to explain the formation of mantle plumes or diapirs enriched in larger relative to smaller halogen and other incompatible trace elements. The model is ad hoc and needs testing. However, any other dynamical model accounting for the 400 -1000 km long gradients in incompatible trace elements, halogens and radiogenic isotopes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge should, at some stage, require either (1) some variable extent of mixing or (2) differential migration of liquid relative to crystals followed by re-equilibration (or both), as a diffusion controlled mechanism over such large distances is clearly ruled out, given the age of the Earth.

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