Economic Coercion and U.S. Foreign Policy: Implications of Case Studies from the Johnson Administration

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, it attempts to explain why dispensationalist Christians were successful at influencing American foreign policy during the administration of George W. Bush, particularly towards the Middle East. Specifically, I connect this success to their ties to Washington neo-conservatives, the personal faith of Bush himself and his links to conservative Christians, and their broad cultural appeal and grassroots strength. Second, it will present two brief case studies on the influence that dispensationalism has had on US policy towards Israel and Iraq during the administration of George W. Bush.

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Liberal world order and economic coercion in modern foreign policy of the U.S.

Мировая политика ◽

10.25136/2409-8671.2021.3.35105 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-62

Author(s):

Oğuz Alperen Turhan

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

American Foreign Policy ◽

World Order ◽

Single System ◽

Global System ◽

Economic Coercion ◽

The U.S

The article studies the evolution of liberal world order within the framework of conventional directions of the U.S.’ foreign policy. The purpose of this work is to reveal the peculiarities of development of the U.S.’ foreign policy in terms of liberal world order. For this purpose, the U.S.’ foreign policy is considered through the prism of Walter Russel Mead’s “four schools of American foreign policy”. The author analyzes the development and transformation of liberalism in the context of using economic coercion in the U.S.’ foreign policy. The article also considers the topical problems of development of the liberal world order faced by the realist and liberal paradigms. Representatives of both groups realize the failure of the liberal world order, but offer different strategies of defining the U.S.’ foreign policy course. Representatives of the liberal paradigm believe that the liberal world order entered a phase of self-destruction because of accelerated integration of unequal states in a single system. Realists, in their turn, claim that transformations in the structure of the global system determine the functionality of the liberal world order. Specifically, the revisionist position of Russia and China is a reaction to the imposed principles, and serves as a basis for the transition to the multipolar system. Thus, conflicts of interest between the parties cause the use of measures of coercion.

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International debt and linkage strategies: some foreign-policy implications for the United States

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300027077 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 699-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Benjamin J. Cohen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Latin American ◽

Debt Crisis ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

The United States ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Power Resources ◽

The Government ◽

The Imf

The global debt problem influences the foreign-policy capabilities of the United States through its impact on the government's “linkage strategies” in foreign affairs. In some circumstances policy makers are forced to make connections between different policy instruments or issues that might not otherwise have been felt necessary; in others, opportunities for connections are created that might not otherwise have been felt possible. The Polish debt crisis of 1981–82, the Latin American debt crisis of 1982–83, and the IMF quota increase in 1983 are suggestive in this regard. Linkage strategies bred by the debt issue are more apt to be successful when the interest shared by the United States with other countries in avoiding default is reinforced by other shared economic or political interests. They will also be more successful to the extent that the government can supplement its own power resources by relating bank decisions to foreign-policy considerations. Power in such situations, however, is a wasting asset, even when employed indirectly through the intermediation of the IMF.

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