Productive Efficiency in Commercial Banking: The Effects of Size and Legal Form of Organization On the Cost of Producing Demand Deposit Services

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Longbrake ◽  
John A. Haslem
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Demand Deposit ◽  
The Cost

Why is Financial Reporting so Inefficient?

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils H. Hakansson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Talented People ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lao Tse ◽  
The Cost

Those who know do not tell; those who tell do not know. Lao Tse In earlier papers (Hakansson, 1977, 1981), the equilibrium properties of two financial disclosure scenarios, “laissez-faire” and “timely public disclosure” were compared. The analysis showed that, measured in welfare space, the incentives of only two groups, less well-to-do subscribing investors and nonsubscribing investors (who tend to be “small” in terms of their resources) prefer the second scenario even though it results in greater aggregate output across states. The incentives of management, information searchers, and more well-to-do investors favor a “wide window” between significant events affecting the firm and their public disclosure, at least in the short run. The “cost” of this scenario is that it draws a sizable group of talented people from the productive sector into “scooping” information before its eventual disclosure. It is noteworthy that a regulatory solution is likely to further reduce, not improve, the productive efficiency of the economy. This paper examines the financial disclosure question further and argues that its resolution is directly linked to the principal-agent “contract” between the shareholders and management. These contracts do exhibit some peculiar properties, especially in the area of management compensation and with respect to MBOs, in which management apparently manages to be both the buyer and the “agent” for the seller.

scholarly journals Corporate Income Tax, Legal Form of Organization, and Employment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Chen ◽  
Shi Qi ◽  
Don Schlagenhauf
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Tax Reduction ◽  
Capital Constraints ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic ◽  
The Impact

A dynamic stochastic occupational choice model with heterogeneous agents is developed to evaluate the impact of a corporate income tax reduction on employment. In this framework, the key margin is the endogenous entrepreneurial choice of the legal form of organization. A reduction in the corporate income tax burden encourages adoption of the C corporation legal form, which reduces capital constraints on firms. Improved capital reallocation increases the overall productive efficiency in the economy and therefore expands the labor market. Relative to the benchmark economy, a corporate income tax cut can reduce the nonemployment rate by up to 7 percent. (JEL E24, H25, H32, J23, J24)

A note on the factors affecting pre-weaning growth in Beetal and Black Bengal kids and their crosses

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Malik ◽  
A. S. Kanaujia ◽  
B. L. Pander
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
The Cost

The economic value of the goat depends upon its growth and reproductive and productive efficiency. The growth determines the meat producing ability up to a marketable age i.e. 6 months. Rapid growth during the pre-weaning period minimizes the cost of rearing, thus providing more profit to the farmer. The present investigation reports the effect of genetic groups, years and season of birth, sex of kid, type of birth and dam's weight at kidding on pre-weaning growth traits, and the extent of the genetic variability and covariability among these traits.

Enterprise Form, Participation, and Performance in Mutuals and Co-operatives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Adams ◽  
Simon Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Control Rights ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
Average Worker ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Corporate Governance Reforms

Mutuals and co-operatives have a distinct legal form which sets them apart from commercial companies. This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the governance and performance effects of these differences, showing that it may be misleading to think of workers and customers as the owners of mutual enterprises, and that a more precise focus on the content of voice, income, and control rights in particular organizations is needed in order to assess the implications of different legal structures for economic performance. Empirical evidence suggests that, on average, worker and customer mutuals are more risk-averse and less profitable, but more sustainable, than commercial entities structured as companies limited by share capital. However, the mutual form does not guarantee that the firm is run in a more democratic and participative way. Mutualization, therefore, while useful in some contexts, should not be explored at the cost of wider corporate governance reforms.

scholarly journals Analisis Portofolio Sumber Dana PT Bank X Sebagai Instrumen Optimalisasi Budgeting dan Pengambilan Strategi

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yudha Pradipta Putra ◽  
Farida Ratna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Demand Deposit ◽  
Asset Portfolio ◽  
Saving Deposit ◽  
The Cost

The rising of credit expansion by PT Bank X has an implication to the high needs of fund. The fund source of PT Bank X derived from third party fund account and transfer fund among offices. Every funding source has advantages, disadvantages and cost which must be examined because it can affect the bank’s income. The purposes of this research are: (1) to identify the funding structure of PT Bank X, (2) to analyze the effect of every funding source to the PT Bank X, and (3) to analyze how the portfolio funding structure can be used to the budgeting process and strategy formulation. The funding source of PT Bank X consists of third party fund account and transfer fund among offices. In 2005-2007 period, transfer fund among offices gave the biggest contribution in the funding source portfolio. The demand deposit gave the biggest impact in the income. Saving deposit also gave the positive affect and significant. The cost of saving deposit is quite low. Although demand deposit and saving deposit are included as the unstable fund in the asset portfolio of PT Bank X, the potential and the growth level which are very high can help PT Bank X to provide fund with low cost. Interest from the use of transfer fund among offices is quite big that give the negative impact to the income.

Experimental Research on the Crack Identification of Drawing Parts Based on AE Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
Zhi Gao Luo ◽  
Bao Gang Zhang ◽  
Xin He
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Crack Identification ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ae Signals ◽  
Test Result

The paper performs an experimental research on the crack identification of drawing parts using AE technique. Under the platform of the AE system, the AE signals of drawing parts crack are acquired. BP neural network is designed with three layers. They are ten neurons of input layer, three neurons of output layer and thirteen neurons of hidden layer. The characteristic parameters of the crack acoustic emission are considered as the input of BP neural network to exercise the network. The test data are inputted to the neural network after it is exercised. The test result is in accord with the experiment result. The method is proper to identify the crack of drawing parts. The emergence of many inferior parts and the waste of resource can be avoided. It also can debase the cost of manufacture and improve the productive efficiency.

Organization Type and Productive Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit K. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Constitutive Components ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The chapter highlights the structure of India’s industry and the performance of its constitutive components. The Molecular sector has employed a third of all people in industry. The Private sector has always been dominant in output and employment. The State sector has never commanded the heights. After liberalization, the boundaries of the State sector reduced. The shrinkage of the State sector has been achieved without privatization. Molecular sector efficiency had been highest before liberalization, but has declined over time. The Private sector’s high efficiency score after liberalization has come at the cost of wasting substantial capital. The State sector has had a spectacular post-liberalization efficiency catch-up. Once grossly inefficient, the State sector recorded the best comparative performance, helped by efficiency enhancements, among the three organization types driving India’s capitalism experiments. Finally, ownership does not matter but organizational processes do, as the case of Maruti Suzuki shows.

scholarly journals SOCIAL REPORTING: PURPOSE, BASIC FORMATION PRINCIPLES, STRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алсу Закирова ◽  
Alsu Zakirova ◽  
Гузалия Клычова ◽  
Guzaliya Klychova ◽  
Валерия Кириллова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The Cost

At present, the participation of enterprises in social events has increased significantly. In this connection, questions of the reflection of non-financial information, which satisfies public inquiries about the organization’s activities, become more relevant. One of the effective tools, that provide a holistic view of the social and economic activity of the enterprise, is social reporting. The article studies and clarifies the economic essence of the concept of “social reporting”, discusses the basic principles of the formation of social reporting and its structure. Social reporting should include the following sections: the strategy of the organization; functional structure of the organization; types of activities, legal form, size of organization; managment structure; changes in the structure, scale, form of ownership of the organization in the reporting period; business processes; stakeholder engagement; innovative development of the organization; performance indicators in the field of interaction with society. To reflect the performance indicators of innovation, environmental protection activities and performance indicators in the field of interaction with society, the article proposed forms of social reports. They propose to reflect such indicators as the share of costs associated with research and development of technologies, the acquisition of innovative products, the introduction / use of R&D results, new technologies, new technology; expenses for environmental services; the costs associated with the overhaul of fixed assets for environmental protection; costs for the protection and rehabilitation of land, groundwater and surface water, the cost of biodiversity conservation and protection of natural areas; the cost of socio-economic development of the region; the cost of charitable assistance in the field of culture, education, sports, health. The proposed social reporting format is an effective tool that increases trust, quality, reliability, and transparency in customer relationships; promotes brand awareness and investment in the environment, community, human capital; improves the quality of business management, competitiveness and quality of products; increases the efficiency of personnel management, ensures the safety and economy of natural resources

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