The Political Impact of Economic Crisis in Latin America in the 1980s

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Remmer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Party System ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
Crisis Conditions

Research on the political implications of economic conditions is separated into two relatively distinct bodies of literature. I bridge the theoretical gap between them by examining the effects of economic crisis on electoral outcomes in Latin America from 1982 to 1990. An analysis of 21 competitive elections indicates that crisis conditions undermine support for incumbents and provoke high levels of electoral volatility but without necessarily fostering the growth of political extremism or the exhaustion of elite consensus associated with the breakdown of democracy. The results also suggest that the relationship between economic conditions and electoral instability is mediated by party system structure rather than democratic age. Paradoxically, the findings buttress prior research on electoral outcomes in the comparatively stable and homogeneous Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations while undercutting theoretical frameworks elaborated with specific reference to the breakdown and consolidation of Third World democracy.

Crisis and Democracy in Latin America

1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Democratization in Latin America took place throughout the 1980s within a context of acute economic crisis, thus posing a sharp challenge to established theory. This essay examines alternative explanations-economic, political, institutional, international-for this paradoxical outcome. It is argued that the political impact of the debt crisis differs for the short, medium, and long terms. The analysis also devotes considerable attention to the concept of “democratization” and to the quality of Latin American democracies, which tend to contain pervasive authoritarian features. Careful reading of these phenomena can lay the foundation for new and enduring theoretical frameworks about the relationship between macroeco-nomic transformation and political change.

The Sudan, 1985–9: the Fading Democracy

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Osman Salih
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Party System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Civilian Leaders

This article discusses the political situation in the Sudan in the aftermath of the 1985 popular uprising which reinstated parliamentary democracy, and focuses on the major challenges which confronted the civilian leaders before their downfall, notably the economic crisis, the issue of Sharia law, the agonising war in the South, and the corrupt and inefficient party system.

scholarly journals Investigation the need to teach the characteristics of the development of parliamentarism in Latin America as part of education

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Lvovna Norden
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Party System ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Island States ◽  
Democratic Experience ◽  
The One

The article highlights the history and features of parliamentarism development in the Latin America countries. In addition, the need for training on the subject and the effect of increasing students and educators’ awareness in this field is examined. This process was lengthy, replete with the examples of various social groups, political trends and parties struggle intensity increase. Since the beginning of the 19th century, there have been almost no favorable conditions for the practical implementation of democratic government in the countries of Latin America, and the institutionalization of the party system has not taken place yet. However, there have been exceptions to the general rule in the history of Latin America. Chile and Argentina were such an example. The success of democratic transformations in the countries of the region depended on various reasons: a) whether the country had a democratic experience in its past; b) the conditions for the political and economic development of this country to develop representative institutions in the future; c) the importance of the parties in the political course development and the adoption of state decisions. The results of democracy and parliamentarism development in the states of Latin America are rather complicated by the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. On the one hand, the last decades of the XX-th century and the beginning of this century was marked by the democratization of political life, reforms, and the replacement of military regimes with civilian governments. Since the beginning of the 60-ies, they started the process of democratization and formation of independent island states in the Caribbean and Central America. Despite the successful development of the economy, culture, education, the presence of a large middle class in Argentina, the military governments overcame civilian ones in the 30-70-ies. Therefore, it is needed to consider this aspect as a part of education system to improve the educators’ level.

Resource Wealth and Political Decentralization in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises Arce ◽  
Michael Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decentralization ◽  
Similar Resource ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Different Levels

Existing literature has emphasized economic conditions as central to protests over resource extraction. However, it is also necessary to examine the political conditions that make some regions or provinces more prone to protest. These political conditions are tied to electoral and partisan dynamics and draw attention to the political context or environment in which protests emerge. Focusing on electoral and partisan dynamics can help explain the variation of protest across geography and time, and in particular, why similar resource-abundant provinces within the same country experience different levels of protest.

Social Correlates of Party System Demise and Populist Resurgence in Venezuela

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 35-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Party System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Market Liberalization ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Dominant Parties ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
System Breakdown ◽  
Hugo Chavez

Abstract Considering its strong, highly institutionalized two-party system, Venezuela was surely one of the least likely countries in Latin America to experience a party system breakdown and populist resurgence. That traditional party system nevertheless was founded on a mixture of corporatist and clientelist linkages to social actors that were unable to withstand the secular decline of the oil economy and several aborted attempts at market liberalization. Successive administrations led by the dominant parties failed to reverse the economic slide, with devastating consequences for the party system as a whole. The party system ultimately rested on insecure structural foundations; and when its social moorings crumbled in the 1990s, the populist movement of Hugo Chávez emerged to fill the political void. This populist resurgence both capitalized on and accelerated the institutional decomposition of the old order.

Sinistra e destra in Grecia dal XX al XXI secolo

2013 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Nikos Marantzidis ◽  
Rori Lamprini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Party System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Divided Society ◽  
Left And Right

Left and Right in Greece from the 20th into the 21st century The article explores the evolution of left/right division in Greece, drawing upon macro sociological theories regarding social and political cleavages. It analyses the major historical divisions that have given meaning to the left/right dichotomy and have structured Greek party system over a century. Among a series of wars, civil quarrels, economical and political crises, which have taken place throughout the Twentieth century, two civil conflicts have marked political rivalries and configured political identities: the National Schism (1915-1917) and the Civil War (1943-1949). They have established a three-camp party system, which had endured until the 1967-1974 military dictatorship. The democratization of the country and the liberalization of political institutions in the post-junta era gave birth to new coalitions and political formations, which established a two-party system on the basis of right/anti-right dichotomy. The outbreak of economic crisis in 2010 and the austerity measures that came as a consequence have divided society and politics in two camps: the advocates and opponents of the Memorandum. The political stances regarding the management of the crisis has magnified the significance of pro/anti-memorandum cleavage and, thus, weakened the importance of the left/right division.

The Legislation of Drug Law: Economic Crisis and Social Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Drug Legislation ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Early Drug

This paper uses California's first opium law in 1875 to examine the process of early drug legislation, specifically the political and economic conditions leading up to the passage of the law. We explore the possibility that initial opium prohibition was simply a component of a larger process of social control aimed at securing the isolation of the Chinese in the lower rungs of the labor market. It is suggested that analyses of social control must take into account the interrelationship between economic, political and ideological motivations behind any quest for prohibitive legislation.

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