A Partisan Schema for Political Information Processing

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Lodge ◽  
Ruth Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Political Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Interest And Knowledge ◽  
Better Than

Based on their interest in politics and knowledge of political leaders, individuals are classified into three levels of partisan sophistication: (1) those scoring high in interest and knowledge (partisan schematics), (2) a middle group, and (3) those scoring low (partisan aschematics). In this experimental study, and consistent with findings from cognitive and social psychology, partisan schematics prove better able than partisan aschematics to classify campaign statements as either Republican or Democratic and to recall the policy stands taken by a fictitious congressman. Aschematics, at the other extreme, perform at no better than chance levels in either the recognition or recall of the congressman's policy statements. There are, however, liabilities to sophistication as well: Schematics demonstrate a “consistency bias” in recalling significantly more policy statements that are consistent with the congressman's party identification than are inconsistent with it. This “restructuring” of memory is especially pronounced among sophisticates, and reflects a serious bias in the processing of political information.

Voter Information Processing and Political Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Political Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The One

Contemporary political information processing and the subsequent decision-making mechanisms are suboptimal. Average voters usually have but vague notions of politics and cannot be said to be motivated to invest considerable amount of times to make up their minds about political affairs; furthermore, political information is not only complex and virtually infinite but also often explicitly designed to deceive and persuade by triggering unconscious mechanisms in those exposed to it. In this context, how can voters sample, process, and transform the political information they receive into reliable political choices? Two broad set of dynamics are at play. On the one hand, individual differences determine how information is accessed and processed: different personality traits set incentives (and hurdles) for information processing, the availability of information heuristics and the motivation to treat complex information determine the preference between easy and good decisions, and partisan preferences establish boundaries for information processing and selective exposure. On the other hand, and beyond these individual differences, the content of political information available to citizens drives decision-making: the alleged “declining quality” of news information poses threats for comprehensive and systematic reasoning; excessive negativity in electoral campaigns drives cynicism (but also attention); and the use of emotional appeals increases information processing (anxiety), decreases interest and attention (rage), and strengthens the reliance on individual predispositions (enthusiasm). At the other end of the decisional process, the quality of the choices made (Was the decision supported by “ambivalent” opinions? And to what extent was the decision “correct”?) is equally hard to assess, and fundamental normative questions come into play.

Experimental Study of External Thermal Insulation Mortar Based on Fly Ash Floating Bead

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1643-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, the development and properties of floating bead insulation mortar were introduced. Based on the experimental study, a new kind of exterior wall external thermal insulating mortar had been successfully produced. For this material, fly ash floating bead and expanded pearlite which was modified by hydrophobe were taken as the lightweight aggregate, meanwhile, Portland cement was used as the inorganic binder, also the fiber and polymer were taken as the additive. The results of experiments indicated that properties of fly ash floating bead insulating mortar, such as thermal insulation, strength, crack resistant and climate resistant, were superior to those of expanded pearlite insulating mortar. On the other hand, other properties, such as bulk stability, aging resistant, climate resistant, crack resistant and fireproofing, construction workability were much better than those of expanded polystyrene sheet ( EPS) insulating mortar.

scholarly journals Oral versus Written Recollections of Prose

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Davis ◽  
Richard T. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Generative Learning ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Mode Versus ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Mode Of Production

After reading prose passages, undergraduate students retrieved and reported information in either the oral mode or written mode of production. Current information processing models indicate that superordinate concepts are recalled better than subordinate ideas from a text. Thus, dependent variables were number of superordinate concepts recalled, number of subordinate ideas recalled, number of readergenerated elaborations, and time taken to respond in each mode. Recalls were scored against an outline, for presence or absence of superordinate, subordinate, and reader-generated ideas contained in the passages. Total number of superordinate concepts, subordinate ideas, or reader-generated elaborations yielded no differences across modes of reporting. However, initial or ending position of information in the original text produced significantly different results when subjects recalled in the oral mode versus the written mode. For end position topics reported in the oral mode, when one level of concept was recalled without the other, it was always the subordinate concept that was recalled alone. These results have valuable implications for generative learning.

The Responsible Congressional Electorate: Watergate, the Economy, and Vote Choice in 1974

1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Uslaner ◽  
M. Margaret Conway
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retrospective Voting ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Most analyses of the 1974 congressional elections have failed to find significant effects for either Watergate or personal financial conditions, despite the prominence of both of these issues in the campaign. An alternative thesis argues that the effect was indirect, through the selection of better-than-usual Democratic candidates and weaker Republican contestants for House seats. Reanalyzing campaign finance data, we challenge this thesis and then move on to a different type of analysis from that which traditionally has been done in retrospective voting studies. With the use of the 1972-1974 panel of the Center for Political Studies, we examine separately the voting behavior of what V. O. Key, Jr. called “standpatters” and “switchers.” The former are motivated primarily by party identification, with small Watergate effects. Our probit analylsis for switchers, on the other hand, finds much weaker party identification effects, but, interestingly, much more pronounced Watergate and economic impacts. Furthermore, an analysis of the sample compared to the population of districts in 1974 suggests that a more representative sample would lead to even more pronounced impacts for Watergate and the economy than even we have found.

Investment Trios Are Less Prone to the Hot Hand and Gambler’s Fallacies and Make Better Investment Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Pamela Denice Arao ◽  
Danyel Brendan Arizabal ◽  
Seanne Veniene Esguerra
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Group Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Hot Hand ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
Minimum Group ◽  
Profit Maximizing ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Rational Decisions

An experimental study was conducted to determine the minimum group size for which the mitigating effect for the hot hand and gambler’s fallacies can be felt. This is quantified by looking if groups are as prone to the hot hand and gambler’s fallacies in making decisions as their individual counter parts. Results suggest that groups maximize their investment returns better than individuals as the former choose to decide on their own more and rely on the experts’ opinions less. Triads are the least biased with the hot hand and gambler’s fallacies and thus are able to make more rational decisions and consequently maximize their investments better than the other treatments.These data allowed us to recognize the benefits of forming investment clubs consisting of three members since their decisions are more likely in line with the profit maximizing strategy in comparison with the decisions made by pairs and individuals.

scholarly journals Religious Expression of Millenial Muslims within Collective Narcissism Discourse in Digital Era

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-190
Author(s):  
M. Naufal Waliyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Youth Organizations ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Radical Islam ◽  
Radical Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Better Than

This article focuses on examining how the religious expression of Indonesian millennial Muslims in the landscape of collective narcissism discourse in the present digital era. This study investigates the social media activities of NU and Muhammadiyah youth organizations, Pemuda Hijrah, Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran, and some of the Radical Groups like ISIS. This study employs discourse analysis with social psychology approach. The result of this research shows that the religious expression of millennial Muslims in Indonesia can be categorized into six types, namely: actual-modernist Islam, cultural-pluralist Islam, liberalist Islam, apathetic Islam, scriptural-fundamentalist Islam, and radical Islam. Whereas in the discourse of collective religious narcissism, based on several cases study show that mainstream Islamic organizations such as NU and Muhammadiyah, the activities can be categorized as positive collective religious narcissism. Meanwhile, Pemuda Hijrah and Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran are categorized as negative collective religious narcissism. This consideration resulted from their claim as of better than the other group. On the other hand, radical group activities such as ISIS is categorized as destructive collective religious narcissism because they claim rigidly and unequivocally accused others sinful, heretic, and astray and deserve to be banished. In other words, this is the phenomenon of religious expression, which ironically, belongs to acute destructive narcissism.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS PEMAHAMAN NILAI SIKAP GOTONG ROYONG

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Alpansyah Alpansyah ◽  
Abdul Talib Hasim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Reader Response ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Better Than

The aims of this study were: (1) to identify an increase in students' understanding of the value of mutual cooperation through the use of reader response rules in Indonesian Language Learning (KRPDPBI); (2) identifying the use of the reader response principle in Indonesian Language learning (KRPDPBI) there are differences between male and female students. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental study with two different methods. The results showed that (1) the achievement of the score of understanding the value of mutual cooperation for students taught by KRPDPBI was better than for students taught by regular learning according to the curriculum; (2) the achievement of the understanding of the value of male students' mutual cooperation is no better than that of female students.

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

Politikvermittlung an der Schnittstelle von Unterhaltung und Information : Political communication at the interface of entertainment and information

SPIEL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-145
Author(s):  
Larissa Leonhard ◽  
Anne Bartsch ◽  
Frank M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Model

This article presents an extended dual-process model of entertainment effects on political information processing and engagement. We suggest that entertainment consumption can either be driven by hedonic, escapist motivations that are associated with a superficial mode of information processing, or by eudaimonic, truth-seeking motivations that prompt more elaborate forms of information processing. This framework offers substantial extensions to existing dual-process models of entertainment by conceptualizing the effects of entertainment on active and reflective forms of information seeking, knowledge acquisition and political participation.

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