The Dilemmas of Freedom

1957 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Morgenthau
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
American People ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

During the Civil War, which was a war for freedom in a truer sense than most of the wars which have been so called, Abraham Lincoln laid bare the essentials of the dilemma which has baffled the philosophic understanding of freedom and which has made it appear that there was always something left to be desired in its political realization. On April 18, 1864, Lincoln gave a brief and unpretentious address to the crowd assembled at the Sanitary Fair in Baltimore.“The world has never had a good definition of the word liberty,” he said,and the American people, just now, are much in want of one. We all declare for liberty; but in using the same word we do not all mean the same thing. With some the word liberty may mean for each man to do as he pleases with himself, and the product of his labor; while with others the same word may mean for some men to do as they please with other men, and the product of other men's labor. Here are two, not only different, but incompatable things, called by the same name—liberty. And it follows that each of the things is, by the respective parties, called by two different and incompatable names—liberty and tyranny.

scholarly journals ENGLISH POSTER AS A MINITEXT IN A PERIOD OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Ю. В. Чорнобай
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
The World ◽  
Verbal Component ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

In spite of the fact that researchers pay much attention to the semantic side of minitext, still there is no established understanding of many of its semantic, lexical and pragmatic components. This article reveals the purpose of the military poster as a minitext, its communicative and pragmatic orientation, as well as possible definition of poster and typology for verbal and non-verbal components. Additionally, the findings indicate the characteristic features of poster: accuracy, shortness (maximum size of 2,000 characters and minimum, one sentence), completeness, visual and verbal components, specific punctuation and vocabulary. An important structural element of the poster is paralinguistic means (mainly, spatial placement of the verbal and visual components, and the font and style choosing). The verbal and non-verbal combination carries emotionality and effectiveness in the information transmitting, as well as motivates readers to react according to the poster`s content. The article suggests that poster as a type of a minitext is an effective visual channel of communication as it possesses a considerable number of paralinguistic expressive means. The article demonstrates that Posters of Amirican Civil War (1861–1865) can be divided into presidential elections, raising for war, recruiting soldier into the army, the enemy demonstration to the country and the world. Posters carry informative or humorous intention and are full of different linguostylistic and paralinguistic expressive means. Additionally, the article reveals the characteristic peculiarities of posters of South and North and gives some examples of verbal and non-verbal component domination in posters. It describes specific peculiarities of using of certain phrase combinations, colours, specific punctuation, capitalization, different style and font to increase the effect of the poster content on readers.

“The Uprising of a Great People”

Our Country ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Grant R. Brodrecht
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
American People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hearts And Minds

Chapter one explores northern evangelical devotion to the Union during the Civil War by looking at its intersection with the public words of Abraham Lincoln. His public words were often particularly attuned to evangelicals’ hearts and minds and seemingly reflected their own understanding of the Union in relation to God. The chapter reveals northern evangelicals’ belief in the supremacy of providence, while relating it to Lincoln’s own preoccupation with the divine meaning of the war. Furthermore, northern evangelicals perceived the Union in terms of an Old Testament-like covenantal relationship to God, which meant that God had been historically at work shaping a Christian-American people who were obligated to live unto him and fight to save the Union. This outlook was reflected in Lincoln’s thanksgiving and fast-day proclamations, and, consequently, mainstream northern evangelicals generally supported his vision for saving their country.

Abolition and Antislavery

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Political Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Caribbean ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

This article focuses on the historiography of abolition and antislavery. Abolitionism is an idea, articulated through language that emerged in the eighteenth century and propelled people to act. It ultimately changed the world. People came to believe that God had endowed all humans with the inalienable right to be free and that slavery was an intolerable evil that must be abolished. Most scholars agree with this basic definition of abolitionism. But they have long disagreed about its significance and the process by which the idea led to action and political change. The discussion covers the age of gradual abolitionism (1770s–1820s), gradual abolition in the British Caribbean and French Caribbean, the age of immediate abolitionism (1820s–1860s), the French abolition movement, and the road to civil war and emancipation in the United States.

scholarly journals Agama Sipil di Amerika Serikat: Telaah Terhadap Gagasan dan Peran Robert N. Bellah

Simulacra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sahidah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Declaration Of Independence ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
State Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Civil Order

<p><em>This article will unravel the emergence of civil religion in the United States that cannot be separated from America’s long history, since the civil war, the declaration of independence and the influence of enlightenment and Christian values (especially Protestantism) that are deeply embedded in the American people. He was born as a recognition of the highest values, not one of the denominations of Christianity itself. At the same time, as a criticism of the use of religious symbols in official state practice. With the hermeneutic reading of Bellah’s works, it can be concluded that civil religion is inevitable, because each group has a religious dimension. To say that there is no civil religion, is to say that the civitas, the civil order itself does not exist, it should not appear. Each group produces communal symbols and rituals that give instructions and tie them together. Thus, civil religion does not only belong to America, it can belong to other nations in the world.</em></p>

Patriotism by Proxy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Glenney Boggs
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
American People ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Emancipation Proclamation ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

Patriotism by Proxy develops a new understanding of the connections between American literature and American lives by focusing on a historic moment when the military transformed both. At the height of the Civil War in 1863, the Union instated the first-ever federal draft. Paired with the Emancipation Proclamation, the draft inaugurated new relationships between the nation and its citizens. A massive bureaucratic undertaking, the draft redefined the American people as a population. Equitable as the system was in theory, the draft laid bare social divisions, as wealthy draftees could hire substitutes to serve in their stead. A unique feature of the Civil War draft, substitutes reflect the transformation of how the state governed American life: the draft is the context in which American politics met and also transformed into a new kind of biopolitics. Replicating the core assumption of representative democracy that enables one person to stand in as a political proxy for another, the substitute took the place of the draftee and stood in uneasy relationship to the volunteer. Censorship and the suspension of habeas corpus prohibited free discussions over the draft’s significance, making literary devices and genres the primary means for deliberating over the changing meanings of political representation and citizenship. Assembling an extensive textual and visual archive, Patriotism by Proxy examines the draft as a cultural formation that operated at the nexus of political abstraction and embodied specificity, where the definition of national subjectivity was negotiated in the interstices of what it means to be a citizen-soldier.

scholarly journals El desacoplamiento de los apoyos a la agricultura: Una perspectiva internacional

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Jesús Antón
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
International Context ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) from price support to payments that are more decoupled from production is part of a broader international context in which other OECD countries have also reformed in a similar direction. This paper explains the meaning of «decoupling» from the legal perspective of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and from a more empirical approach as the one adopted by the OECD work on decoupling. The main arguments in favour of decoupling —both from efficiency and distribution considerations— are discussed and the scope of the reforms in different OECD countries is analyzed. Finally it is argued that a good definition of the objectives is needed in order to design the most appropriate policies.

George Bancroft's Civil War: Slavery, Abraham Lincoln, and the Course of History

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-488
Author(s):  
William P. Leeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
The World ◽  
American Society

The Civil War challenged historian George Bancroft's faith in the United States as a beacon of freedom for the world. Interpreting the war as a trial inflicted by God for the purpose of purging slavery from American society, Bancroft took it upon himself to spur Abraham Lincoln toward emancipation.

High energy resolution spectrometer for the dedicated STEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 558-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Batson
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acceleration Voltage

Use of the STEM to obtain precise electronic information has been hampered by the lack of energy loss analysis capable of a resolution and accuracy comparable to the 0.3eV energy width of the Field Emission Source. Recent work by Park, et. al. and earlier by Crewe, et. al. have promised magnetic sector devices that are capable of about 0.75eV resolution at collection angles (about 15mR) which are great enough to allow efficient use of the STEM probe current. These devices are also capable of 0.3eV resolution at smaller collection angles (4-5mR). The problem that arises, however, lies in the fact that, even with the collection efficiency approaching 1.0, several minutes of collection time are necessary for a good definition of a typical core loss or electronic transition. This is a result of the relatively small total beam current (1-10nA) that is available in the dedicated STEM. During this acquisition time, the STEM acceleration voltage may fluctuate by as much as 0.5-1.0V.

Panji Hitam Dari Arah Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Dadi Herdiansah
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Conflict Area ◽  
Middle East Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Spread

One of the information spread about the arrival of the Mahdi priest was that he led the war troops by carrying a black banner from the east. This information comes from several histories in several hadith books. Pro contra has occurred in response to this history. The Muslim groups who believe in the truth of this black banner tradition have flocked from all corners of the world to the Middle East conflict area which is believed and believed there is a group of mujahids carrying black banner as mentioned by the hadith. Even in the conflict area there was mutual claim between the factions that their faction was mentioned by the hadith carrying its black banner, so that even from one another, civil war was not inevitable in some places. But what is the origin of the hadith? This note is the adoptive writer to criticize the hadith by issuing all of his paths with the takhrīj al-hadīth method, Jarh wa ta'dīl and ‘Ilalu al-hadīth.

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