V. Public Information and Opinion

1943 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harwood L. Childs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Foreign Governments

Even before the outbreak of war between the United States and the Axis powers on December 7, 1941, public officials in Washington had taken steps to deal with public opinion problems arising out of the belligerent trends in international affairs. One of the first moves of the federal government was an effort to identify and disclose the extent and nature of propaganda activities on behalf of foreign governments in the United States. On June 8, 1938, Congress passed the McCormack Act vesting authority in the Department of State to issue and administer rules and regulations governing the registration of agents of foreign principals engaged in propaganda and related activities in this country. This action, designed to protect the American public mind by revealing the extent to which foreign countries were using American channels of communication to further their own ends, was soon followed by official actions to strengthen the public opinion and cultural bonds linking together the various peoples of the Western Hemisphere. On July 27, 1938, the Department of State established its Division of Cultural Relations.

The History of the Department of State IX

1912 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-148
Author(s):  
Timothy Pickering ◽  
William R. Day ◽  
Wm. H. Taft ◽  
Elihu Root ◽  
Gaillard Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Special Circumstances

The highest duty of an American diplomatic or consular officer is to protect citizens of the United States in lawful pursuit of their affairs in foreign countries. The document issued in authentication of the right to such protection is the passport.Broadly speaking, the Department issues two kinds of passports — those for citizens and those for persons who are not citizens. Citizens’ passports are ordinary and special; aliens’ passports are for travel in the United States and for qualified protection abroad of those who have taken the first steps to become American citizens.The citizen’s passport is the only document issued by the Department of State to authenticate the citizenship of an American going abroad. The Act of August 18, 1856, makes the issuance to one who is not a citizen a penal offense if it is committed by a consular officer. Before this law was passed the Department did not issue the document to aliens; but it was permitted to this government’s agents abroad sometimes to issue it to others than American citizens. The Personal Instructions to the Diplomatic Agents of the United States of 1853 said: They sometimes receive applications for such passports from citizens of other countries; but these are not regularly valid, and should be granted only under special circumstances, as may sometimes occur in the case of foreigners coming to the United States.

The President's Inner Foreign Policy Team

1968 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer Plischke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Head Of Government

As Chief of State and head of government, the President is the epicenter of the management of American external relations and the formulation of foreign policy. Not only does he welcome the leaders of other countries who come on summit visits, receive personally the diplomatic emissaries of foreign governments accredited to the United States, and participate in many other formal diplomatic functions, but he also is responsible for executing those segments of the law that pertain to international affairs, for appointing United States diplomats and communicating with other governments, for making treaties, and for initiating and enunciating foreign policy. Addressing himself to the last of these, President Truman cryptically declared: “The President makes foreign policy.” Dean Rusk later commented that this “is not the whole story,” but “it serves very well if one wishes to deal with the matter in five words.”

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-590
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Legal Adviser ◽  
Estate Taxes ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Contemporary Practice

In a letter dated January 27, 1969, to a local taxing authority the Legal Adviser of the Department of State responded to a request for a list of foreign governments that have negotiated reciprocal treaties with the United States that provide for exemption of consulates from payment of local real estate taxes. The Legal Adviser enclosed a list of treaty provisions in force between the United States of America and other countries relating to the exemption of government-owned property from real property taxes.

Fascist Propaganda and the Italian Community in Peru during the Benavides Regime, 1933–39

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orazio A. Ciccarelli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Confidential Information ◽  
Military Threat ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Italian Community

In the second half of the 1930s, confidential information from and concerning Latin America reaching Washington promoted the suspicion, and ultimately the conviction, that the security of much of Latin America, and by extension that of the United States, was imperiled by the Axis powers. Officials in Washington were convinced that the Axis menace to the Western Hemisphere was not in the form of a direct military threat, but rather through the use of propaganda and subversion. Such concern – based in part on fascism's appeal to Latin America's elites – was aroused particularly by the efforts of the Axis powers to organise their own national communities in Latin America into instruments of their foreign policy and by the simultaneous mounting of a propaganda campaign intended to win over public opinion in the Americas and to weaken the support for democracy.1

scholarly journals Between Impunity and Imperialism: The Regulation of Transnational Bribery

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. ‘Arafa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Business ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Personal Gain ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World

The Regulation of Transnational Bribery by Kevin E. Davis, strips out the universal character of illegitimate payments used to bribe public officials of foreign countries in the milieu of international business which has been known for years. The manuscript deals with various definitions of bribery as a transaction in which an official misuse his or her office “as a result of considerations of personal gain, which need not be monetary”. The book highlights the current debate about prohibiting transnational bribery. Such a debate is not about the practicality or desirability of the United States’ FCPA, which at one time was the only law in the world that efficiently banned transnational bribery.

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