Direct and Indirect Effects of Short Term Ionizing Radiation on Old-Field Succession

1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Daniel ◽  
Robert B. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Old Field Succession

Quantifying direct and indirect effects of fungicide on an old-field plant community: an experimental null-community approach

Plant Ecology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Allison ◽  
Tara K. Rajaniemi ◽  
Deborah E. Goldberg ◽  
Donald R. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Field Plant

Quotas and Party Priorities: Direct and Indirect Effects of Quota Laws

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-862
Author(s):  
Ana Catalano Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Gender Quota

In light of increasing numbers of women in politics, extant research has examined the role of women in the parliamentary party on agenda-setting. This paper complements that literature by exploring the effect of a gendered institution theorized to promote both numbers of women and awareness of women’s interests: gender quota laws. I suggest that after a quota law, parties could have incentives to either reduce ( backlash effect) or increase ( salience effect) attention to women’s policy concerns. Using matching and regression methods with a panel data set of parties in advanced democracies, I find that parties in countries that implement a quota law devote more attention to social justice issues in their manifestos than similar parties in countries without a quota. Furthermore, the paper shows that this effect is driven entirely by the law itself. Contrary to expectations, quota laws are not associated with increases in women in my (short-term) sample; it is thus no surprise that no evidence of an indirect effect through numbers of women is found. I interpret the findings as evidence of quota contagion, whereby quotas cue party leaders to compete on gender equality issues.

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