The New Amateur in Public Administration

1935 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269
Author(s):  
Paul T. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Merit System

The history of public administration in the United States is a record of compromise between conflicting principles. The oldest and most bitterly-contested of the many clashes between antagonistic points of view is that between the principle of the spoils system on the one hand and the merit principle on the other. Stripped of eulogistic verbiage, these principles present two diametrically opposed objectives—the former that administration shall be the happy hunting ground of the spoilsman, the latter that administration shall be a non-political service where “efficiency is king.” For a century at least, with the possible exception of the early days of the national administration, the advocates of the spoils system held a dominant position in the struggle, compromising only where a tradition of service protected a public office from partisan control. By 1870, however, the movement for civil service reform had gained strength and the following three or four decades witnessed a determined drive for the adoption of the merit system. The reaction to the spoils system principle, once begun, has continued ever since. Today, administration, by virtue of its sweeping powers over individual liberty and property, has come into closer contact with the citizen than ever before, and this fact is serving to accelerate the movement in favor of the merit principle in the public service.

The Legal Status of American Political Parties, I

1940 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Starr
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

The legal status of political parties in the United States is far from being clearly defined. On the one hand, we do not have a mass of legislation and court decisions clearly constituting the political party as a branch of the government, as in the leading fascist countries of Europe; and, on the other hand, we do not have a situation similar to that of Great Britain or France, where political parties are practically unregulated except for laws designed to control subversive groups. To gain a concept of the legal position of American political parties, a great deal of legislation which differs widely in many particulars among the forty-eight states must be surveyed, and certain categories of common and public law must be explored. Even when the many branches of the law that seem to impinge upon the subject have been brought into view, the legal position of our political parties still seems elusive and indefinite. Yet the subject is one of considerable practical importance, since the near future is likely to bring insistent demands for new and more drastic regulation of political parties. A consideration of the rights of American political parties, and the scope of the powers of the legislature to interfere with parties in the public interest, therefore seems appropriate at the present time.

scholarly journals Public Administration in Ukraine: Adjusting to European Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Khadzhyradieva ◽  
Sergii Slukhai ◽  
Anatolii Rachynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
National Level ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Soviet Legacy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

AbstractIn recent years many important developments have been observed in the Ukrainian public administration: reforms in the public-administration system and civil service, improvements in the regulatory framework for their functioning, extension of the rights and powers of local self-government, bringing their activities into compliance with the EU requirements as well as the transformation of civil service according to the European standards.However, reforming public administration in a post-socialist transition country is hampered by the lack of resources and by public mistrust. The Ukrainian state faces these challenges, as well, and it attempts to find the ways to leave behind the situation formed by decades of uncertain public policy and a flapping development vector.Since 2014 key events have taken place that dramatically affected the public administration in Ukraine, i.e.: the elections of a new president instead of the one who fled, the snap parliamentary elections, establishing new civil and military administrations, launching approximately 60 reforms aiming to give the nation a modern shape corresponding to world-wide trends. Special importance must be granted to the public administration (PA) reform because it plays a crucial role in securing the nation’s success in global competition.The goal of this study is reviewing the most important PA reforms occurring in Ukraine (decentralization, civil-service reform, anti-corruption measures, transparency, reviewing the functions of the central executive bodies). The research questions embrace the following: (a) what main directions in PA reforming are perceived by the Ukrainian government; (b) how are the national governmental body’s functions reviewed; (c) what are the obstacles and risks for PA reforming at the national level ? To address these questions, the respective legislation has been analyzed along with some practical steps applied by the government towards the improvement of public institutions’ operation.Our study demonstrates that Ukraine has moved quite a distance from the soviet legacy as concerns public administration; however, the country has not reached the point of no return yet: the positive reform achievements must be supported by steady efforts in order to make them irreversible and to significantly raise public administration’s efficiency.

John Leighton Stuart and U.S.-Chinese Communist Rapprochement in 1949: Was There Another “Lost Chance in China”?

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 74-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-ming Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Working Relationship ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
June July ◽  
The Cold War

Reverend John Leighton Stuart (1876–1962) served as U.S. ambassador to China from July 1946 until August 1949. In the many discussions of his ambassadorship the one diplomatic mission that has aroused the most speculation and debate was his abortive trip to Beijing, contemplated in June–July 1949, to meet with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. Some students of Sino-American relations have claimed that had this trip been made the misunderstanding and subsequent hostility between the United States and the People's Republic of China in the post-1949 period could have been avoided; therefore, the unmaking of this trip constituted another “lost chance in China” in establishing a working relationship between the two countries. But others have thought that given the realities of the Cold War in 1949 and the internal political constraints existing in each country, no substantial result could have been gained from such a trip. Therefore, the thesis of a “lost chance in China” was more an unfounded speculation than a credible affirmation.

“The Pleasures of Merely Circulating”

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-174
Author(s):  
Caroline Gelmi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early American ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Early National ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Cultural Functions

Caroline Gelmi, “‘The Pleasures of Merely Circulating’: Sappho and Early American Newspaper Poetry” (pp. 151–174) This essay examines how early national verse cultures Americanized the popular figure of Sappho. Newspaper parodies of fragment 31, which circulated widely in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, mocked English poet Ambrose Philips’s well-known translation of Sappho’s “Phainetai moi” ode in order to address concerns over the role of Englishness in the United States. The parodies achieved these political effects by allegorizing their own conditions of print circulation and deflating the cultural associations of fragment 31 and Philips’s translation with the lyric. In this way, these poems were able to address a number of political issues, from English imperialism in Ireland to the specter of English aristocracy in the U.S. federal government. This study of Sappho’s role as a figure for American print circulation in the early nineteenth century also offers a pre-history of the more familiar midcentury association of Sappho with the Poetess. As a figure for the Poetess, Sappho came to embody anxieties over female authors in the marketplace, representing concerns that the public circulation of the Poetess’ work and the promiscuous circulation of her body were one and the same. This essay tells the rich backstory to these more familiar concepts, tracing Sappho’s earlier entanglements with print circulation and the political and cultural functions she served.

Administrative elites and the crisis: what lies ahead for the senior civil service in Greece?

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calliope Spanou
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Elites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The nature of the relationship between the public administration and politics and the subsequent role of the administration appear to be incompatible with the emergence of an administrative elite. After analysing the reasons for this incompatibility, the article explores the impact of the measures taken in the wake of the economic crisis on the civil service and its reform, and also the prospects for the development of a senior civil service. The key, and also the challenge, to any change in this direction remains the rebalancing of the relationship between the public administration and politics. Points for practitioners What might interest practitioners is the issue of the conditions of effectiveness of civil service reform in times of economic crisis and significant pressure.

scholarly journals “Ag-Gag” Laws: Evolution, Resurgence, and Public Health Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Ceryes ◽  
Christopher D. Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Public Access ◽  
State Laws ◽  
The Public ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Health Community ◽  
History Of

The term “ag-gag” refers to state laws that intentionally limit public access to information about agricultural production practices, particularly livestock production. Originally created in the 1990s, these laws have recently experienced a resurgence in state legislatures. We discuss the recent history of ag-gag laws in the United States and question whether such ag-gag laws create a “chilling effect” on reporting and investigation of occupational health, community health, and food safety concerns related to industrial food animal production. We conclude with a discussion of the role of environmental and occupational health professionals to encourage critical evaluation of how ag-gag laws might influence the health, safety, and interests of day-to-day agricultural laborers and the public living proximal to industrial food animal production.

Within-field Pathogenic Diversity of Phytophthora sojae in Commercial Soybean Fields in Iowa

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Robertson ◽  
Silvia R. Cianzio ◽  
Sarah M. Cerra ◽  
Richard O. Pope
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is an economically important soybean disease in the north central region of the United States, including Iowa. Previous surveys of the pathogenic diversity of P. sojae in Iowa did not investigate whether multiple pathotypes of the pathogen existed in individual fields. Considering the many pathotypes of P. sojae that have been reported in Iowa, we hypothesized multiple pathotypes could exist within single fields. In the research reported herein, several soil samples were collected systematically from each of two commercial fields with a history of PRR in Iowa, and each soil sample was baited separately for isolates of P. sojae. Numerous pathotypes of P. sojae were detected from both fields. As many as four pathotypes were detected in some soil samples (each consisting of six to eight soil cores), which suggests that a single soybean plant could be subjected to infection by more than one pathotype. This possibility presents important implications in breeding resistant cultivars and in the management of PRR. Accepted for publication 14 July 2009. Published 8 September 2009.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTIGATION OF INTERACTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS WITH PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AUTHORITIES AND PUBLICAS AN OBJECT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
О. Р. Гресько
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
General Concept ◽  
The Public ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Clear Result ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
The One ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Clear Goal

The purpose of the study is to solve a number of problems, including the need to: analyze the general concept of interaction and concepts of its scientific understanding; define interaction as a legal category; to form the author's vision of the legal category "interaction of administrative courts with bodies with public administration bodies and the public". The article defines that interaction as an object of administrative and legal support is a joint activity of two or more clearly defined subjects of law, regulated by the norms of administrative law, coordinated by purpose, task, place, time and method, aimed at a certain result, and namely – the achievement of the goal, the realization of goals, the solution of specific tasks and objectives, or the preservation and maintenance of the proper existence and functioning of someone or something. It is proposed to understand the interaction of administrative courts with public administration bodies and the public to carry out in the manner and within the limits set by current national legislation joint and agreed on a number of factors (purpose, tasks, time, place, form, methods, etc.) activities, on the one hand, administrative courts, and, on the other hand – public administration and/or the public, which is due to the competence of these entities and aimed at a positive result and consequences, which are to achieve the goals and objectives of such interaction. It was found that the main features of the interaction of administrative courts with public administration bodies and the public are: are joint activities; such activities must be regulated by law; activities must be coordinated; coherence occurs by choosing a clear goal, objectives, time, place, forms and methods of interaction; arises between clearly defined entities – administrative courts and public administration bodies and the public; a prerequisite for interaction should be the presence of an appropriate amount of competence that allows the implementation of such interaction; should be aimed at a clear result, which is to achieve the goals and objectives of such interaction; should be aimed at positive consequences.

scholarly journals Competency Management in the Context of Omani Civil Service Reform & Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Ahmed Albalushi ◽  
Ashraf Zaidan ◽  
Fakhrul Adabi Bin Abdul Khadir ◽  
Muhammed Bin Yusof
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Efficiency Performance

This paper aims to discuss the extent of the application-based management efficiency in the Sultanate of Oman Civil Service, by comparison with the practices and experiences of five systems of the civil service or the public in each of the (United States of America, Canada, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates). Several variables and address are necessary to achieve reform and development in the civil service such as the situation organizational and strategic system competencies, selection and appointment and based on efficiency, performance evaluation based on efficiency as one of the main functions of human resources management in the public sector, and the framework or efficiency model. In order to become a civil service in Amman of the best practices in the efficient management system at the regional and international level, providing more than ten developmental proposals paper to raise the level of the civil service, because the competency's management of important topics in the development of civil service performance, seen as a tool to shift from the traditional bureaucracy to modern organizations.

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