Home Rule for India

1919 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Graham H. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Office ◽  
National Congress ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian National Congress

The epoch-marking proclamation issued by Queen Victoria in 1858 announced to the people of India that they were to be admitted freely and impartially to political office. The autocratic bureaucracy of foreigners, culminating in the régime of Lord Curzon, when only about 4 per cent of the members of the Indian civil service were natives, was hardly a fulfillment of the spirit of this proclamation. Nor did the peoples of India consider it such. The spirit of unrest finally took shape in the Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, to give expression to the ideas of the educated classes; and this body soon came to be regarded as the unofficial Indian parliament. Each year it brought forward a list of ills which the government of India as then organized could not hope to remedy.

VI. The Twilight of the Whigs and the Reform of the Indian Councils, 1886–1892

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The People ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Indian National Congress

In 1855 Sir Francis Baring described the Whigs as ‘a body of men…[who] when the people are roused stand between the constitution and revolution and go with the people, but not to extremities’. The Great Reform Bill and Russell's further franchise proposals from 1852 to 1866 were characteristic attempts to conciliate ‘the people’ by extending timely reforms which would preserve the balance of the British constitution. The Whigs had learned the moral of the story of the Sibylline books and accepted its relevance to the process of constitutional reform. Gladstone's Irish Home Rule bill signalled the passing of their moderating influence in the councils of liberalism. However, during the following six years they influenced the Tory government's response to the demands of the newly emerged Indian National Congress. From 1886 Lord Dufferin, the Whig viceroy, pressed for concessions that would ‘take the wind out of the sails’ of the Congress, and from 1889 his successor, Lord Lansdowne, pursued a similar approach. The Tory Councils Act of 1892 was no large constitutional advance. However, it embodied the principle of representation and the germ of the idea of election. That it went so far is attributable to the exertions of the Whig peers, at Westminster no less than in India. The Unionist Lord Northbrook, son of Sir Francis Baring and a former viceroy, proposed a crucial amendment to the Councils bill, and it was carried with the authoritative support of the earl of Kimberley, thrice Gladstone's secretary of state for India and one whom Morley recalled as ‘at the top of the Whigs that I have known’.

Mobilization in a Mass Movement: Congress ‘Propaganda’ in the United Provinces (India), 1930—34

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
The People ◽  
Constructive Work ◽  
National Congress ◽  
United Provinces ◽  
Indian National Congress

From 1919 to 1922 the Indian National Congress carried out its first country-wide programme of mass agitations against the British. For the next six or seven years the party concentrated on the electoral arena. By fits and starts, it also carried on a programme of so-called ‘constructive’ work among the mass of the people. This helped to maintain some of the popular contacts earlier established. Elections, and the bitter communal conflicts that were a feature of the mid-1920s, at least in the United Provinces (U.P.), forged other links.

scholarly journals Level of Satisfaction of Public Service in Takalar Regency, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsiah Badruddin ◽  
Wisudawan Husain
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
The People ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
The Government

This study discusses the quality of public service of government apparatus and general satisfaction with the civil service, in this case, is the manufacture of electronic identity card. The type of research used in this study is the kind of explanative research with quantitative approach. Techniques of collecting research data through questionnaires with the population are the people who make the electronic identity card in the government office civil registration. The number of samples in this study was 183 people. The results obtained from this research are for the quality of public service, and public satisfaction with the service of the apparatus is in the quite satisfied category. From these conditions show that the government apparatus in serving the community is still not motivated as a people servant. As a public service, the government apparatus in the salary of the general tax should feel like serving rather than being served.

Political Life of Lala Lajpat Rai

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Dr. Braham Parkash
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Political Agitation ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Legislative Assembly ◽  
Indian National Congress

The fact is that Lala Lajpat Rai joined the Indian National Congress (INC) and participated in many political agitations in Punjab. For his political agitation, he was deported to Burma without trial in 1907 but returned after a few months because of lack of evidence. Moreover, He was opposed to the partition of Bengal and founded the Home Rule League of America in 1917 in New York. He was also elected President of the All India Trade Union Congress and he supported the non-cooperation movement of Gandhi at the Nagpur session of the Congress in 1920. He also protested against the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that followed. He founded the Servants of People Society in 1921 and he was elected deputy leader of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1926. In 1928, he moved a resolution in the assembly refusing cooperation with the Simon Commission since the Commission had no Indian members. He was leading a silent protest against the Simon Commission in Lahore when he was brutally lathi-charged by Superintendent of Police, James Scott. Rai died of injuries sustained a few weeks later. In this regard most of the scholars agreed that Lala Lajpat Rai’s contribution to Indian National Movement fall in the unique category. The present research paper highlights Lala Lajpat Rai’s political life.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PERAN SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA DALAM PENERTIBAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI KOTA BANDUNG

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Maris Gunawan Rukmana
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The People ◽  
Destination Area ◽  
Community Protection ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) is an organization that has quite strategic tasks, functions and authorities in organizing the enforcement of regional regulations and decisions of the Head of the Region, Organizing public peace and order, and community protection. The city of Bandung as the capital of West Java Province which has the potential as a destination area for immigrants to meet the living needs of various areas to complain about fate. Thus, as a trade destination area, it is necessary to arrange an orderly, comfortable and peaceful situation for the people of Bandung City. Street vendors are one of the informal livelihoods that are mostly located in every corner of Bandung City. In addition to having a source of income for the area, but on the other hand is another problem for the government of Bandung City. The purpose of writing is to find out how the effectiveness of the role of the Civil Service Police Unit in Disciplining Pedestrian Traders in the City of Bandung. The method used in this writing is Descriptive Analysis by using research tools in the form of literature study on the Effectiveness and Role of Civil Servants Unit (Satpol PP).

THE EVENTS IN 1950 IN EAST PAKISTAN AND VALLABHBHAI PATEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Maria Sergeyevna CHERESHNEVA
Keyword(s):  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
The People ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru ◽  
Indian National Congress

We characterize the emergence, beginning and end of the crisis in East Pakistan in 1950 and India’s reaction to the events on its North-Eastern borders. The central figure of the study is the Minister of Home Affairs and at the same time the Minister of States of India Vallabhbhai Patel – a politician of India, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi and a friend of Jawaharlal Nehru, an indisputable authority in the ruling Indian National Congress, which for all that is very poorly studied in domestic science. Complex personality, the informal leader of India and Congress, he remained on the second place only at the behest of M. Gandhi. A devoted servant of the people, a native of a peasant family, who later became a brilliant lawyer and politician, V. Patel has repeatedly saved India at the crucial moments in history. The study is based on the Indian sources and continues our series of publications on the role and place of V. Patel in the history of independent India.

Besant, Annie (1847–1933)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailey Haffey
Keyword(s):  
Home Rule ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Bloody Sunday ◽  
Fabian Society ◽  
Religious Differences ◽  
Indian National Congress

Born Annie Wood, Annie Besant was an English political activist and spiritualist with Irish heritage. She married British clergyman Frank Besant in 1867; they separated in 1873 largely because of religious differences. Besant became increasingly critical of orthodox Christianity, evident in her pamphlet, ‘On the Deity of Jesus of Nazareth’. Besant met Charles Bradlaugh in 1884 after his lecture comparing Krishna and Christ. She then joined Bradlaugh’s National Secular Society and wrote for the group. In 1877, the two were prosecuted for publishing Charles Knowlton’s book on contraception. She founded the Malthusian League to promote contraception and became active in the Irish Home Rule cause. A feminist and socialist, Besant joined the Fabian Society in 1885, was involved in the 1887 ‘Bloody Sunday’ labour protests in London, and helped lead the 1888 London Match Girls’ Strike. She gained global prominence after meeting Helena Blavatsky in 1889. Besant quickly ascended the ranks of the Theosophical Society and became the society’s President in 1907. After travelling to India in 1893, Besant immigrated, co-founded the Indian Home Rule League, and joined the Indian National Congress, out of which emerged Mohandas K. Gandhi’s successful struggle against the Raj.

Colonial Rule and the Sikhs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Constitutional Politics ◽  
National Congress ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian National Congress

Nearly all classes of the Sikh social order suffered due to the loss of power in 1849, especially the Sikh jagīrdārs, the Sikh peasantry, and the Sikh soldiery. However, much of the lost ground was recovered before World War I. A new religious awakening among the Sikhs had started before 1849 in the form of the Nirankari and the Nāmdhārī movements. Both of these were overshadowed by the Singh Sabha movement which was far more influential. The Chief Khalsa Diwan, led by Sunder Singh Majithia, generally pursued constitutional politics. But there were other more radical Singh reformers who were willing to take up causes in opposition to the government. The Central Sikh League, the first political party of the Sikhs, was founded at Amritsar in 1919 to remain closely aligned with the Indian National Congress.

Between ‘Everyday’ and ‘Extraordinary’: Partition, violence and the communal riots of 1946 in Bihar

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-312
Author(s):  
ISHA DUBEY
Keyword(s):  
Communal Violence ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Communal Riots ◽  
Clear Majority ◽  
Indian National Congress

AbstractThe year 1937 saw the establishment of Congress Ministries in eight of the eleven provinces in which the provincial elections had been held, Bihar being one of them. The resounding victory of the Congress which secured a clear majority in the province of Bihar and the dismal performance of the Muslim League seemed at the time to depict the mood of the people in general. It was taken as a clear rejection of the politics of communalism and separatism and as an expression of faith in the secular credentials of the Indian National Congress. However, less than a decade later, the province was gripped by severe communal tensions and had become one of the most prominent parts of India from where the movement for Pakistan drew support. This article thus explores the nature of the communal violence that occurred in Bihar in 1946 against the backdrop of the ‘escalating’ communal tensions during the late 1930s and early 1940s. It seeks to problematise the dichotomy that exists in literature on communal violence between moments of what have been called ‘extraordinary’ violence (such as riots) and the everyday structures of (what Gyanendra Pandey has called) ‘routine violence’. Through its analysis of contemporary material produced by the Muslim League, the Congress Ministry and the provincial British administration to explain the causes of the 1946 riots in Bihar, it argues that it is in the moments of rupture presented by riots that everyday structures of violence are trivialised or normalised through processes of ‘dichotomisation’, ‘dehumanisation’ and ‘denial’.

Models of Government and Anglo-Irish Relations

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Free State ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The People ◽  
Lower House ◽  
Irish People ◽  
Irish Free State ◽  
The Government

In 1922 the Irish Free State began life with a constitution which embodied two contradictory principles. The first recognized that all powers of government derive from the people and provided for a system of government in which the Irish Cabinet was clearly responsible to the popularly elected Irish lower house, Dail Eireann. The second recognized a monarch, King George V, as head of the Irish executive, with substantial prerogative powers derived not from the Irish people but from British common law. The constitution was a compromise between Britain and Irish republicans to end the Irish War of Independence. Though not every compromise in politics makes complete sense, for Britain this one represented more than a short-range expedient. Its contradictions represented the dying gasp in a long, often anguished, and ultimately futile attempt by Britain to devise a formula which would simultaneously permit the Irish a measure of self-government and protect vital British interests in Ireland.This essay will review the attempts to construct a satisfactory Anglo-Irish relationship in the years between 1782 and 1949. It will concentrate on four models of government proposed for Ireland: (a) the independent Irish Parliament of the period from 1782 to 1800, (b) O'Connell's proposals to repeal the union with Britain in the 1830s and 1840s, (c) the devolution proposed in the home rule bills of 1886, 1893, 1912, and the Government of Ireland Act of 1920, and (d) the independence provided in the Irish Free State constitution of 1922 and its successor, the Irish constitution of 1937. It will also place these models in the context of the constitutional evolution of the British Empire. In the Canadian, New Zealand, Australian, and South African colonies, colonial self-government and British imperial interests were reconciled, beginning in Nova Scotia in 1848, by using a kind of constitutional double-think involving the Crown and the colonial Governor. But the problem of the troubled Anglo-Irish relationship could not be resolved so easily.

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