The Soviet System of Federalism

1929 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Paul P. Gronski
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The One

The system of soviet federation established by the constitution of 1923 represents a peculiar inversion of the federative idea. The framers of this instrument of government were faced with the solution of a problem of a complex and conflicting nature. The creators of the new Russian government, the leaders of the Communist party, desired to secure, on the one hand, the establishment of the rule of the proletariat; they hoped to build up a government that should develop into “a complete unity of workingmen of various nations” in “one centralized democratic republic.” On the other hand, the former Russian Empire had been made up of numerous nationalities. These distinct nationalities remained under the new Soviet régime and were insistent in their claims to self-government. The creators of the Soviet constitution were, therefore, confronted with the reconciliation of the principle of the rule of the proletariat with the principle of the freedom and self-determination of nationalities. In terms of governmental structure, they attempted to fit together these two incompatible political ideas: the practice of absolutism with the idea of federalism. The bolshevist oligarchs, rabid adepts of centralization, were obliged to acknowledge the rights of the nationalities to a certain amount of independence within the soviet state. The resulting system of soviet federation was written into the constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which was approved by the Central Executive Committee of the Union on July 3, 1923, and which was ratified by the Second Congress of Soviets in January of the next year.

scholarly journals Hrvatska između rata i tranzicije (jedan pragmatičan pristup)

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erma Ivoš
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
International Community ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The One

In this article the author points some actual questions of the transformation process in the Croatian society. The analysis of Z. Brzezinski is used as analytical model which basic function is of strategic meaning. The idea was to show how Croatia is close or distant from the mainstream of transformation process. The conclusion is that the successful achievements of the transformation depends both on the influence of the International community, political and economic on the one side and on the nature of the postcomunist self-determination of Croatian society, on the other side.98

scholarly journals LITHUANIA, UKRAINE AND LITHUANIA – THE LIFE AND CAREER OF PROFESSOR ALEXANDER MICKIEWICZ

2016 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
R. Martseniuk
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Single Person ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Scientific Pedagogical

The article is based on archival sources and historiographical analyzes the life and scientific-pedagogical activity Alexander Mickiewicz, one of the first professors of the University of St. Vladimir. There is an attempt to describe the one hand the problem of self-determination for a single person who represented thousands of people who due partitions late eighteenth century. was a part of the new state, the other to illustrate the then education and national policy of the Russian Empire regarding them.

scholarly journals Twofold Freedom and Contingency

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-96
Author(s):  
Cornelia Bohn ◽  
Riccardo Prandini ◽  
Monica Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Social Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Variant

The paper shows that the semantic complex of freedom assumes the form of a twofold freedom as horizontally differentiated realms of meaning gain autonomy: on the one side, individual and interpersonal freedom, and, on the other side, the freedom and self-determination of social fields or subsystems, both of which presuppose, stabilize, and destabilize one another. This co-constitution is proven with three exemplary thinkers. Simmel sees money as a decisive factor in the genesis of the modern social form of freedom and individuality. His argument is brought into systematic comparison with Constant’s prior work on individual freedom in European modernity, and with Luhmann’s later notion of contingency and constitutionally guaranteed freedom of communication as prerequisite for factual differentiation. It is demonstrated that in Simmel’s work, the modern variant of the social form of freedom is described as a specific interrelation that ties the objectification of culture to a depersonalisation of social differentiation as well as to a temporalization of dependencies.

Nature, Freedom, History

2021 ◽  
pp. 258-283
Author(s):  
Brady Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Human History ◽  
Organic Life ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Post-Kantian philosophers historicize the world soul, reconceiving it as an implicitly rational, progressive, yet impersonal agency, at work throughout nature as a formative principle, more especially, however, in the progressive liberation and self-determination of spirit in human history. This chapter outlines the concept’s career in the thought of Kant, Maimon, Schelling, and Hegel, focusing especially on the overlapping functions they accord to the world soul. On the one side, it serves to mediate within nature between the opposing spheres of mechanism and organic life; on the other, between those of unconscious currents of historical development and self-consciously free human action. In thus tasking the world soul with mediating between nature and the history of human freedom, German idealists are faithful to their Platonic source of inspiration, even as they refashion the concept in a distinctively modern, post-Enlightenment spirit.

AFRICAN WOMEN AND FORBIDDEN GROUNDS: FEMALE SEXUALITY AND SELF-DETERMINATION IN AFRICAN LITERATURE

Imbizo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Oyeh O. Otu
Keyword(s):  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
African Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
African Women ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Sexual Repression

This article examines how female conditioning and sexual repression affect the woman’s sense of self, womanhood, identity and her place in society. It argues that the woman’s body is at the core of the many sites of gender struggles/ politics. Accordingly, the woman’s body must be decolonised for her to attain true emancipation. On the one hand, this study identifies the grave consequences of sexual repression, how it robs women of their freedom to choose whom to love or marry, the freedom to seek legal redress against sexual abuse and terror, and how it hinders their quest for self-determination. On the other hand, it underscores the need to give women sexual freedom that must be respected and enforced by law for the overall good of society.

scholarly journals Determination of the Height of Hard X-Ray Sources in the Solar Atmosphere by Measurement of Photospheric Albedo Photons

1975 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
John C. Brown ◽  
H. F. Van Beek
Keyword(s):  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Source Models ◽  
The One

SummaryThe importance and difficulties of determining the height of hard X-ray sources in the solar atmosphere, in order to distinguish source models, have been discussed by Brown and McClymont (1974) and also in this Symposium (Brown, 1975; Datlowe, 1975). Theoretical predictions of this height, h, range between and 105 km above the photosphere for different models (Brown and McClymont, 1974; McClymont and Brown, 1974). Equally diverse values have been inferred from observations of synchronous chromospheric EUV bursts (Kane and Donnelly, 1971) on the one hand and from apparently behind-the-limb events (e.g. Datlowe, 1975) on the other.

Resolution 530 (1983

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-840
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Central America ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The Security Council,Having heard the statement of the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Nicaragua,Having also heard the statements of various States Members of the United Nations in the course of the debate,Deeply concerned, on the one hand, at the situation prevailing on and insid the northern border of Nicaragua and, on the other hand, at the consequent dange of a military confrontation between Honduras and Nicaragua, which could further aggravate the existing crisis.situation in Central America,Recalling all the relevant principles of the Charter of the United Nations,, particularly the obligation of States to settle their disputes exclusively by peaceful means, not to resort to the threat or use of force and to respect the self-determination of peoples and the sovereign independence of all States,Noting the widespread desire expressed by the States concerned to achieve solutions to the differences between them,

Augustus and the Senate: 23 B.C.

Antichthon ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.K. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Res Publica

While the exact meaning of Res Gestae 34, the powers of Augustus at various moments in his principate, and the significance of his auctoritas have been extensively argued, more practical questions about how his political arrangements might have been set into action have not generally excited much interest. In 1974 I put forward a suggestion about how the so-called first settlement of 27 B.C. came about. It was, in brief, that Octavian, as he then was, used the traditional consular mechanisms, and proposed for debate in the Senate a motion, de provinciis consularibus, and this explains why, on the one hand, the result of the debate was that he had provinces allocated to him, and, on the other, claims could be made that the res publica was restored, because one of the things which characterized res publica (as distinct from dictatorship or triumviral rule) was that the determination of who should command which army stationed in the provinces now lay, ostensibly at least, with the publicum consilium, the Senate.

Table II : Quantitative determination of carbonyl compounds at different odour sources (concentrations in ppb) Rendering plant Gelatine plant neighbourhood neighbourhood Formaldehyde 40 16 Acetaldehyde 39 24 Acetone 36 73 Prcpanal 10 -Isobutyraldehyde 10 30 Pentanal 15 19 Hexanal 3.52 Heptanal 12.5 Octanal 10.5 Nonanal 1 2 acids (figure 7). However extractions always involve a serious decrease in sensitivity, while evaporation of the extract produces a solution in 0.1-0.5 ml of solvent, and only 1 pi of it can be brought in the gas chromatograph. Therefore work is in progress to enhance sensitivity by converting acids in­ to halogenated derivatives, which can be GC-analysed with the more sensitive electron-capture detector. For thiols a similar procedure is investigated as with aldehydes. One possibility is absorption of thiols in an alkaline solution and reaction with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, yielding 2,4-dinitrofenylsulfides, which are analysed by HPLC (9). Sane improvements on removal of reagents at the one hand and on separation of sane by-products on the other hand have to be achieved in order to in­ crease the sensitivity with another factor of ten. 5. CONCLUSION The actual scope and limitations of chemical analysis of odour show that all problems can be tackled as far as emission is concerned. For iititiission measurements seme progress is necessary, but there is no essential reason why chemical analysis would be unable to attain the desired sensitivity for all types of odorants. There is no doubt that in a few years the last dif­ ficulties will be solved. In order to achieve real control of odour nui­ sance, automatic measurement is necessary on a long time basis. There again seme technical development is to be expected. Does this mean that machines are going to decide if an odour is pre­ sent or not? By no means, while the population will always be the reference, and psychophysical measurements will be necessary to make chemical analysis possible.

1986 ◽  
pp. 171-171
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals (Im)possible Escape? H. G. Wells, Utopia and the World State

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Barbara Klonowska
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World State ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Utopian Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Recent Monograph

This article reviews the recent monograph by Maxim Shadurski, The Nationality of Utopia. H. G. Wells, England, and the World State (New York: Routledge, 2020) in the context of utopian studies on the one hand, and the political ideas of the nation state vs. world state on the other.

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