Revolutionary Russia

1918 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Simon Litman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historic Development

From tyrannical autocracy to a most radically socialistic régime, from an empire oppressing subjugated peoples to a country proclaiming the principle of “self-determination of nationalities”—such has been the remarkable record of Russia during the past year. These changes, which have come to many as a surprise, were to those acquainted with the ferment permeating Russian life but the logical outcome of Russia's historic development.In order to be able to interpret the trend of recent events there, events which since the overthrow of Tsarism have been moving with such bewildering rapidity, it is necessary to know what have been the forces that have shaped the life of the country. Russian evolution has come through periods of subjugation, through century long struggles for self-assertion against invaders, through many internal uprisings and through successful wars of expansion. Beginning as a small principality in the interior of a plain, Russia spread to the north and to the south, to the west and to the east until she became a world empire, in area the greatest compact country on the face of the earth, occupying 8,505,000 square miles, or larger in size than all of North America, and having a population of over 175,000,000 people.

Invasion of the New Zealand Coastline by European Sea-Rocket (Cakile maritima) and American Sea-Rocket (Cakile edentula)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Cousens ◽  
Jane M. Cousens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
North And South

AbstractOn the west coast of North America and in Australia, there have been parallel cases of sequential invasion and replacement of the shoreline plant American sea-rocket by European sea-rocket. A similar pattern has also occurred in New Zealand. For 30 to 40 yr, from its first recording in 1921, American sea-rocket spread throughout the eastern coastlines of the North and South Islands of New Zealand. European sea-rocket has so far been collected only on the North Island. From its first collection in 1937, European sea-rocket spread to the northern extremity of the island by 1973, and by 2010, it had reached the southernmost limit. In the region where both species have occurred in the past, American sea-rocket is now rarely found. This appears to be another example of congeneric species displacement.

scholarly journals A Folio from the Vukan Gospel (1196–1202): A Predecessor to “Bosnian” (Western Serbian) Manuscripts of the 13th–15th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-227
Author(s):  
Viktor Savić ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

According to M. Pešikan, Fol. 10 from the Vukan Gospel (10a.8–10g.21) was almost entirely written by Scribe IV, one of the eight scribes involved in writing out the original book. The greatest part of the manuscript was written by the monk Simeon. Scribe IV was a follower of an ancient, non-calligraphic Cyrillic tradition, older than any other tradition identified in this manuscript. In terms of palaeographic and orthographic features, he was a predecessor of the "Bosnian" codices of the 13th–15th centuries. This confirms that there was a direct link between the Serbian literacy tradition in Bosnia and the earlier literacy tradition in Raška, namely one of its many lines. Further, in the past, this tradition can be traced back to the South Slavic literacy tradition developed in the Byzantine Empire, in the territory of present-day Macedonia. The concept of the "southern line", which has so far been used in explaining the origins of western Serbian, "Bosnian" literary monuments, acquires a different meaning in this light: a crucial hub in spreading literacy from the south to the north were Serbian scriptoria – from northern Macedonia, through Kosovo and Metohija, to Raška – where the Serbian recension was fist-shaped and then spread further to the west, to Bosnia.

The Broken Earth: Why the Tetons Are Grand

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Smith ◽  
Lee J. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Valley Floor ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Mountain Building ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Actual Movement ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Teton Range

On a summer morning when the breeze blows cool, it is easy to re the lakes and sagebrush-covered glacial plains of Wyoming’s Jackson Hole sit at nearly 7,000 feet elevation. Yet the altitude of this gorgeous valley is diminished by the view to the west: The precipitous east front of the Teton Range towers above the valley floor, with 13,770-foot Grand Teton and other rugged, snowclad peaks catching the first golden rays of daybreak. This is one of the most spectacular mountain vistas in America. Whether at chill dawn, in glistening light after a torrential afternoon thunderstorm, or during summer evenings when the sun descends behind the lagged Tetons, it is a view that brings solace and peace. Yet the serene splendor of Grand Teton National Park belies a hidden fury. It is not volcanism, which is concealed beneath the gentle pine-covered Yellowstone Plateau to the north. Instead, this defiant topography was born of seismic disaster as the Teton fault repeatedly and violently broke the earth, producing a few thousand magnitude-7 to -7.5 earthquakes during the past 13 million years. During each major jolt, Jackson Hole dropped downward and the Teton Range rose upward, increasing the vertical distance between the valley and the mountains by 3 to 6 feet and sometimes more. Now, after 13 million years of earthquakes, the tallest peaks tower almost 7,000 feet above the valley floor. Actual movement on the fault has been even greater. Jackson Hole dropped downward perhaps 16,000 feet during all those earthquakes. Rock eroded from the Teton Range and other mountains by streams and glaciers filled Jackson Hole with thousands of feet of sediment, disguising how much the valley sank. Combine the uplift of the mountains and the sinking of Jackson Hole, and the best estimate—although still plagued by uncertainty—is that movement on the Teton fault has totaled 23,000 feet during the past 13 million years. That is a tiny fraction of Earth’s 4.6-billion-year history. Consider the effects of repeated episodes of mountain-building during eons before the Teton fault was born: The oldest rocks high in the Teton Range are 2.8-billion-year-old gneisses and schists and 2.4-billion-year-old granites.

PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF ALBERTA, N.-W. T.

1901 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
F. H. Wolley Dod
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Pine Creek ◽  
Hill Prairie

Calgary (altitude 3,400 ft.) is strictly a prairie city, situate at the junction of the Bow and Elbow rivers, about 40 or 50 miles from the true base of the Rocky Mountains. For several hundred miles to the east, the prairie is, with the exception of a few spots on river bottoms, absolutely void of either timber or scrub. A very few miles to the west the country becomes decidedly hilly, and in places densely covered witli dwarf willows. Still further west the hills increase in height, shrubs become proportionately more abundant, and several species of poplars make their appearance, the north and west sides of the hills being usually densely wooded. By far the greater portion of the material from which this list has been compiled has been taken by myself and Mr. A. Hudson during the past seven seasons amongst these hills (3,600-4,000 ft.) near the head of Pine Creek, about sixteen miles to the south-west of Calgary. This “hill-prairie,” as I will call it, and which may be looked upon as the boundary between the prairie and the foothills, is well watered by numerous creeks, and the valleys and hillsides—where not too steep—are largely grazed and cultivated, but otherwise splendid hunting grounds for the entomologist.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF INDIGENOUS NORTH AMERICAN DEER AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN RELATION TO LARGE PREDATORS AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daigle ◽  
M. Crête
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Large Predators

Five deer species occupy North America: caribou (3.6 × 106individuals), moose (1.1 × 106), white-tailed deer (28.5 × 106), mule deer (5.0 × 106) and wapiti (1.1 × 106). Caribou characterise the north of the boreal forest and the tundra, whereas moose dominate in coniferous and mixed forests growing further south. White-tailed deer are typical of the deciduous forests of the east while mule deer replace them in the mountainous terrain of the west. Wapiti possess the smallest range, mostly adjacent to the prairies to the west. The two large obligate carnivores preying on deer show a reduced distribution: wolves are almost restricted to Canada, and cougar to the mule deer range. We determined the current status of each species with the help of a questionnaire mailed to all jurisdictions harbouring deer. Most reports of threatened populations concerned caribou whereas many jurisdictions declared overabundance of white-tailed deer and wapiti. Hunting was allowed for all species when they abounded in a jurisdiction. Hunters harvested annually 7.0 × 106deer on the continent, 87% being white-tailed deer. The two species that caused most conflicts with humans had the highest harvest rate: 16-17%. In terms of biomass, white-tailed deer and wapiti yielded the highest harvests, with 55 and 39 kg × km-2of range, respectively. The average standing biomass of deer in winter ranged between 28 kg × km-2in Nevada to 901 kg × km-2in Indiana. The lowest standing biomasses occurred in the boreal forest (predators), in the prairies (agriculture) and in the south-west (aridity), and the highest ones in the south-east, where only white-tailed deer is present. The current abundance of deer in North America parallels, in general, the primary production of the landscape (r2= 0.38; P < 0.0001), but predators and human activity modify this pattern.

Excavations in Ithaca, II

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Heurtley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Central Peak ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Street ◽  
The North ◽  
Narrow Ridge

Pelikáta hill might best be described as a spur of Mt. Exogé, which lies immediately to the west of it; but it is also joined on the south to the central peak of the island (Mt. Anogé) by a narrow ridge on which stands the main street of Stavrós village. Elsewhere it is detached (Pl. 2), and its sides fall in irregular gradations, broken further by terraces, to Afáles bay on the north, Phríkes bay on the east and Pólis bay on the south. From the summit all three bays are visible and any one of them can be reached in a short half-hour. In addition to its command of the three bays, Pelikáta has to-day, and presumably had in the past, a supply of first-rate drinking-water, reached at a depth of a few metres below the surface; and a small level space on the actual summit.

Region, Ethnic Group, and American Writers: From “Non-Southern” and “Non-Ethnic” to Ludwig Lewisohn; or the Ethics of Wholesome Provincialism

Prospects ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 441-462
Author(s):  
Werner Sollors
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
South West ◽  
Long Valley ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face

In 1785 a writer who used the pen name “Celadon” (singer) tried to clarify the meaning of regions in America by making them one with ethnic groups. The author of the small pamphlet The Golden Age; or, Future Glory of North-America Discovered by an Angel to Celadon in Several Entertaining Visions contemplated the future of America from a mountain overlooking the whole continent. He describes himself in a state of rapture whenthe Angel recalled my attention by a gentle touch on my side, and pointing his finger a little to the south-west, Celadon, says he, do you see yonder long valley. … That whole region you may call Savagenia: It being designed for the future habitation of your now troublesome Indians. — And that other valley. … It lies toward the north-west … This you may call Nigrania: It being allotted for the Negroes to dwell there, when the term of their vassalage is come to a period. — And in all those vast spaces westward to the great ocean, there may be seats hereafter for sundry foreign nations. — There may be a French, a Spanish, a Dutch, an Irish, an English, &c. yea, a Jewish State here in process of time. — And all of them united in brotherly affection, will at last form the most potent empire on the face of the earth (pp. 11–12).

The Engraved Tridacna-Shell Discs

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 15-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baruch Brandl
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

It is now more than 140 years since archaeologists began dealing with the engraved Tridacna shells, whose distribution extended from Vulci in the west to Susa in the east, and from Memphis in the south to Gordion and Vulci in the north. Their number is growing constantly and is now approaching 100. This increase is the result not only of the publication of new finds or old museum material, which until now escaped the scholar's eyes, but also of the reclassification of four items, in the past said to be imitations made of various stones, as authentic Tridacna shells.In this article I want to show that this is true not only with the complete Tridacna shells, but also of a sub-group of Tridacna shells cut into the shape of discs. I will try to prove that the items in this sub-group are indeed Tridacna shells by describing them and discussing their motives and distribution. I will not deal with questions such as the centre of manufacture, distributors, style etc. important as they are. These aspects will be discussed by me in detail in a separate publication which will treat the Tridacna shell group as a whole.

Elk and Ogopogo. Belief Systems in the Hunter-Gatherer Rock Art of Northern Lands.

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Coles
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
Social Scenes

The northern world, from the wide expanses of North America across the even wider spread of Asia and Europe, was subjected to the effects of the Pleistoceneice for centuries after areas to the south had been released from nature's grip. But as conditions eased the north, and open landscapes were newly created, plants and animals began to colonize and humans were not far behind. Across enormous territories of the Old and New Worlds, hunters, gatherers and fishers began to explore the resources of the virgin lands, and from before 8000 BP for at least five millennia their societies were seemingly in balance with nature's gifts. Settlements from all around the vast northern latitudes demonstrate a reliance upon wild resources that were abundant, varied and easily exploited. In such circumstances, the opportunities existed for the development and elaboration of systems of belief concerned with the principles of existence. Such systems in all likelihood took many forms of expression, only a few of which have survived today. Burials, tools and weapons, settlement organization and territorial exploitation are capable of demonstrating the systems for survivaldeveloped by these communities of people, and rock carvings and paintings add other possibilities for those who seek to understand the social scenes of the past.

scholarly journals The Distribution of some Plankton Animals in the English Channel and Western Approaches: I. Samples Taken with Stramin Nets in 1955 and 1957

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Species ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The South ◽  
Direct Path ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

Previous plankton work at Plymouth is reviewed briefly, and the limitations of the stramin ring trawl as a quantitative sampler discussed. The distribution of certain zooplankton ‘indicator’ species caught in hauls of the 2 and 1 m ring trawl during cruises in 1955 and 1957 is described in comparison with regular 2 m hauls taken throughout the same years at two stations near Plymouth.The results support previous suggestions that ‘western’ water at Plymouth is derived from a region to the south of Ireland, i.e. from the north-west, and is not now in the direct path of the flow of water into the English Channel from the west.An apparent northward spread of the warm-water copepod Euchaeta hebes during the past 50 years may be connected with the rise in sea temperature over the same period. It is suggested that related changes in distribution might be responsible in part for changes in the macroplankton community off Plymouth since the 1920's.

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