Gall-Forming Insect Diversity is Linked to Soil Fertility via Host Plant Taxon

Ecology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2334-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rosalind Blanche ◽  
Mark Westoby
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Plant Taxon

scholarly journals Island phytophagy: explaining the remarkable diversity of plant-feeding insects

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1741) ◽  
pp. 3250-3255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Joy ◽  
Bernard J. Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Plant-feeding insects have undergone unparalleled diversification among different plant taxa, yet explanations for variation in their diversity lack a quantitative, predictive framework. Island biogeographic theory has been applied to spatially discrete habitats but not to habitats, such as host plants, separated by genetic distance. We show that relationships between the diversity of gall-inducing flies and their host plants meet several fundamental predictions from island biogeographic theory. First, plant-taxon genetic distinctiveness, an integrator for long-term evolutionary history of plant lineages, is a significant predictor of variance in the diversity of gall-inducing flies among host-plant taxa. Second, range size and structural complexity also explain significant proportions of the variance in diversity of gall-inducing flies among different host-plant taxa. Third, as with other island systems, plant-lineage age does not predict species diversity. Island biogeographic theory, applied to habitats defined by genetic distance, provides a novel, comprehensive framework for analysing and explaining the diversity of plant-feeding insects and other host-specific taxa.

Abundance of gall-inducing insect species in sclerophyllous savanna: understanding the importance of soil fertility using an experimental approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cuevas-Reyes ◽  
Fabricio T. De Oliveira-Ker ◽  
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes ◽  
Mercedes Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus

Abstract:Although many studies have now demonstrated that both richness and abundance of gall-inducing insect species are directly and indirectly (via the host plant) influenced by soil quality, the empirical evaluation of it in the field remains anecdotal at best. The effects of soil fertility on richness and abundance of gall-inducing insects associated with a widespread savanna species, Eremanthus glomerulatus, were evaluated under experimental field conditions in Brasilia, central Brazil. The effect of soil fertility on gall-inducing insects species richness was evaluated using three treatments: (1) plots fertilized with nitrogen; (2) plots fertilized with phosphorus; and (3) control plots: soils without fertilization. Species richness of gall-inducing insects (six species of Cecidomyiidae) did not differ among the treatments. Leaves with galls had higher nitrogen concentrations (mean = 15.0 ± 0.5 mg g−1), compared with leaves without galls (mean = 9.0 ± 0.7 mg g−1) on plants that occurred in soils with addition of nitrogen. Similarly, leaves with galls had higher foliar phosphorus concentration (mean = 1.0 ± 0.04 mg g−1) than leaves without galls (mean = 0.6 ± 0.05 mg g−1) in plots with addition of phosphorus. In galled leaves, a negative relationship between gall density and nitrogen concentration was found for one gall-inducing insect species, while three species showed a positive relationship between gall density and leaf nitrogen concentration. A negative relationship between gall density and concentration of leaf phosphorus was observed for four of the six gall-inducing insect species studied. No relationship was found between gall density and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in ungalled leaves. We argue that foliar nitrogen and phosphorus concentration respond to gall density in galled leaves and therefore, gall-inducing insect species are capable of manipulating their host plant, modifying the foliar nutrients of E. glomerulatus in sclerophyllous savanna.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

COUNTING TOTAL BACTERIA IN LAND ORGANIC WASTE HOUSEHOLD AND LAND INORGANIC WITH TOTAL PLATE COUNT METHOD (TPC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Bacteria

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000

Mango: A new host plant for the lycaeinid Anthene lycaenina lycaenina (R. Felder, 1868)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
J. Nayanathara ◽  
R. Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Time

Anthene lycaenina lycaenina (R. Felder, 1868) is reported on mango for the first time.

Strategies for Soil Fertility Improvement of Arable Land in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Yingjie Hu ◽  
Xiangbin Kong ◽  
Yuzhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement
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