Mate- and Oviposition-Influenced Host Preferences in the Coral-Feeding Snail Cyphoma Gibbosum

Ecology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1959-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Nowlis
Keyword(s):  
Host Preferences ◽  
Coral Feeding ◽  
Cyphoma Gibbosum

scholarly journals Conversion of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) bands into high-throughput DNA markers based on RAPD technique for detection of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci in crucial plant hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zouhar ◽  
M. Marek ◽  
O. Douda ◽  
J. Mazáková ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Template Dna

<i>Ditylenchus dipsaci</i>, the stem nematode, is a migratory endoparasite of over 500 species of angiosperms. The main method of <i>D. dipsaci</i> control is crop rotation, but the presence of morphologically indistinguishable host races with different host preferences makes rotation generally ineffective. Therefore, a sensitive, rapid, reliable, as well as cost effective technique is needed for identification of <i>D. dipsaci</i> in biological samples. This study describes the development of species-specific pairs of PCR oligonucleotides for detection and identification of the <i>D. dipsaci</i> stem nematode in various plant hosts. Designed DIT-2 primer pair specifically amplified a fragment of 325 bp, while DIT-5 primer pair always produced a fragment of 245 bp in all <i>D. dipsaci</i> isolates. Two developed SCAR primer pairs were further tested using template DNA extracted from a collection of twelve healthy plant hosts; no amplification was however observed. The developed PCR protocol has proved to be quite sensitive and able to specifically detect <i>D. dipsaci</i> in artificially infested plant tissues.

On a new Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes) from Southern Patagonia (Chile, Argentina), with a redescription of T. chilensis and some systematic and biogeographical insights

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4852 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
RODRIGO PONCE DE LEÓN ◽  
ERICH H. RUDOLPH ◽  
ODILE VOLONTERIO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
A New Species

To date, only one species of Temnocephala is known from Chile, Temnocephala chilensis, and three from southern Argentina (Patagonia), namely T. chilensis, Temnocephala dionii, and Temnocephala mexicana. Here we describe a new species of Temnocephala and provide an updated description of T. chilensis based on material found on an anomuran crab (Aeglidae) from southern Chile. Additional hosts and localities are reported for both species in southern Argentina and Chile, and a diagnostic key for all species of Temnocephala hosted on Aegla and Parastacidae is included as well. In southern Chile, both T. chilensis and the new species were found on the crayfish Samastacus spinifrons and on the anomuran crabs Aegla abtao and Aegla alacalufi; in addition, the new species was found on Aegla manni, and T. chilensis on Aegla rostrata. In southern Argentina, T. chilensis and the new species were found on Aegla riolimayana and S. spinifrons. Based on their shared traits (morphology of the penial stylet, host preferences and geographic distribution), the temnocephalans hosted in Aegla are tentatively gathered into two clusters, the Chilensis and Axenos groups. 

scholarly journals The growing repertoire of genetic tools for dissecting chlamydial pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkaprabha Banerjee ◽  
David E Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Species

Abstract Multiple species of obligate intracellular bacteria in the genus Chlamydia are important veterinary and/or human pathogens. These pathogens all share similar biphasic developmental cycles and transition between intracellular vegetative reticulate bodies and infectious elementary forms, but vary substantially in their host preferences and pathogenic potential. A lack of tools for genetic engineering of these organisms has long been an impediment to the study of their biology and pathogenesis. However, the refinement of approaches developed in C. trachomatis over the last ten years, and adaptation of some of these approaches to other Chlamydia spp. in just the last few years, has opened exciting new possibilities for studying this ubiquitous group of important pathogens.

scholarly journals Evolving Patterns of Cryptosporidiosis: Issues and Implications in the Context of Public Health in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijay Ranjan Mirdha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Life Years

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is one of the major causes of diarrhea in immune-compromised individuals and children besides causing sporadic water-borne, food-borne, and zoonotic outbreaks. In 2016, Cryptosporidium species infection was the fifth leading cause of diarrhea and acute infection causing more than 4.2 million disability-adjusted life years lost besides a decrease in childhood growth. Human cryptosporidiosis is primarily caused by two species/genotype: Cryptosporidium hominis (anthroponotic) and Cryptosporidium parvum (zoonotic) besides other six rare species/genotypes. Transmission intensity, genetic diversity, and occurrence of genetic recombination have shaped the genus Cryptosporidium population structures into palmitic, clonal, and epidemic. Genetic recombination is more in C. parvum compared with C. hominis. Furthermore, parasite–host co-evolution, host adaptation, and geographic segregation have led to the formation of “subtype- families.” Host-adapted subtype-families have distinct geographical distribution and host preferences. Genetic exchanges between subtypes played an important role throughout the evolution of the genus leading to “adaptation introgression” that led to emergence of virulent and hyper-transmissible subtypes. The population structure of C. hominis in India appears to be more complex where both transmission intensity and genetic diversity are much higher. Further, study based on “molecular strain surveillance” has resulted newer insights into the epidemiology and transmission of cryptosporidiosis in India. The identification at the species and genotype levels is essential for the assessment of infection sources in humans and the public health potential of the parasite at large. The results of the study over three decades on cryptosporidiosis in India, in the absence of a national surveillance data, were analyzed highlighting current situation on epidemiology, genetic diversity, and distribution particularly among vulnerable population. Despite creditable efforts, there are still many areas need to be explored; therefore, the intent of this article is to facilitate future research approaches for mitigating the burden associated with this disease.

Host preferences of PalaearcticCulicoidesbiting midges: implications for transmission of orbiviruses

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VIENNET ◽  
C. GARROS ◽  
L. GARDÈS ◽  
I. RAKOTOARIVONY ◽  
X. ALLÈNE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Preferences

Host preferences of low-trunk vascular epiphytes in a cloud forest of Veracruz, Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Mehltreter ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
José G. García-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Epiphyte Species

The diversity, abundance and frequency of vascular epiphytes on the lower trunk were compared between two host groups of a Mexican cloud forest: angiosperm trees (n = 72) and tree ferns (n = 28). The bark of the five most frequent host trees and the root mantle of the two tree ferns were analysed for their thickness, water content, water retention capacity and pH. A total of 55 epiphyte species and 910 individuals were found on the 27 host species. On hosts with a dbh range of 5–10 cm, epiphytes were significantly more diverse (4.3±0.9 species per host) and more abundant (12.5±2.2 individuals per host) on tree ferns than on angiosperm trees (1.9±0.2 species per host and 3.9±0.6 individuals per host). However, these differences were not significant for the dbh class of 10–20 cm, because epiphyte numbers increased on angiosperm trees with larger host size, but not in tree ferns. Most epiphyte species had no preference for any host group, but four species were significantly more frequent on tree ferns and two species on angiosperm trees. The higher epiphyte diversity and abundance on tree fern trunks of the smallest dbh class is attributed to their presumably greater age and to two stem characteristics, which differed significantly between host groups, the thicker root mantle and higher water retention capacity of tree ferns. These bark characteristics may favour germination and establishment of epiphytes.

Host preferences of two encyrtid parasitoids for the Columbian Phenacoccus spp. of cassava mealybugs

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Driesche ◽  
A. Bellotti ◽  
C. J. Herrera ◽  
J. A. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Host Preferences

scholarly journals Brucella Genomics: Macro and Micro Evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7749
Author(s):  
Marcela Suárez-Esquivel ◽  
Esteban Chaves-Olarte ◽  
Edgardo Moreno ◽  
Caterina Guzmán-Verri
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Brucella Species ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Genome Variability ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Variation ◽  
The Relationship

Brucella organisms are responsible for one of the most widespread bacterial zoonoses, named brucellosis. The disease affects several species of animals, including humans. One of the most intriguing aspects of the brucellae is that the various species show a ~97% similarity at the genome level. Still, the distinct Brucella species display different host preferences, zoonotic risk, and virulence. After 133 years of research, there are many aspects of the Brucella biology that remain poorly understood, such as host adaptation and virulence mechanisms. A strategy to understand these characteristics focuses on the relationship between the genomic diversity and host preference of the various Brucella species. Pseudogenization, genome reduction, single nucleotide polymorphism variation, number of tandem repeats, and mobile genetic elements are unveiled markers for host adaptation and virulence. Understanding the mechanisms of genome variability in the Brucella genus is relevant to comprehend the emergence of pathogens.

scholarly journals Host plant testing of the spittle bug carystoterpa fingens by stylet penetration behaviour

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
P. Ramankutty
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Homalodisca Coagulata ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Penetration Behaviour

Carystoterpa fingens (Walker) is an endemic xylem feeder It was chosen as a model insect for the glassy winged sharp shooter (Homalodisca coagulata (Say)) The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used to measure realtime stylet penetration and feeding behaviour of 48 adult C fingens on four plant types hebe (Hebe pubescens) rengarenga lily (Arthropodium cirratum) wild iris (Dietes bicolor) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) over 12 days EPG waveforms were recorded for 12 hours and the duration of the main penetration events (pathway ingestion and nonprobing phases) of the insects were analysed to compare host preferences There were no significant differences in the duration of ingestion indicating that all the plants were potential hosts for C fingens Insects on hebe showed the shortest nonprobing time suggesting that hebe was the most preferred host as expected from observations in the wild

Phenology and host preferences Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in a focus of Toscana virus (TOSV) in South of France

Acta Tropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cotteaux-Lautard ◽  
I. Leparc-goffart ◽  
J.M. Berenger ◽  
S. Plumet ◽  
F. Pages
Keyword(s):  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Phlebotomus Perniciosus
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