Distinct Animal-Generated Edge Effects in a Tallgrass Prairie Community

Ecology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Reichman ◽  
J. H. Bendix ◽  
T. R. Seastedt
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Prairie Community

Edge Effects and Avian Community Structure in a Restored Tallgrass Prairie

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared J. Beck ◽  
Mark J. McKone ◽  
Owen S. McMurtrey
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Avian Community Structure

scholarly journals Evidence for Edge Effects on Multiple Levels in Tallgrass Prairie

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiken Winter ◽  
Douglas H. Johnson ◽  
John Faaborg
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Spiza Americana ◽  
Ammodramus Henslowii

Abstract We tested how edges affect nest survival and predator distribution in a native tallgrass prairie system in southwestern Missouri using artificial nests, natural nests of Dickcissels (Spiza americana) and Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii), and mammal track stations. Survival of artificial nests was lower within 30 m of forest edge. Nesting success of Dickcissels and Henslow's Sparrows was lower within 50 m to a shrubby edge than at greater distances, whereas fates of nests were not related to distances to roads, agricultural fields, or forests. Evidence from clay eggs placed in artificial nests indicated that mid-sized carnivores were the major predators within 30 m of forest edges. Furthermore, mid-sized carnivores visited track stations most frequently within 50 m of forest edges. Because proximity of woody habitat explained more variation in nest survival and mammal activity than did fragment size, it appears that edge effects were more pronounced than area effects. Edge effects appeared to be caused mainly by greater exposure of nests to mid-sized carnivores. We argue that, based on edge avoidance behavior, “grassland-interior” species such as the Henslow's Sparrow respond to edge effects mainly by a decrease in density, whereas habitat generalists such as the Dickcissel are affected mainly by a decrease in nesting success.

The Complementary Relationship of Bison Grazing and Arthropod Herbivory in Structuring a Tallgrass Prairie Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Varriano ◽  
Luke H. Lefler ◽  
Krishna Patel ◽  
Carolina Kirksey ◽  
Adam Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
Prairie Community ◽  
Relationship Of

Applications of Photoelectron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
William J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Crystalline Orientation ◽  
Fluorescent Screen

In this form of electron microscopy, photoelectrons emitted from a metal by ultraviolet radiation are accelerated and imaged onto a fluorescent screen by conventional electron optics. image contrast is determined by spatial variations in the intensity of the photoemission. The dominant source of contrast is due to changes in the photoelectric work function, between surfaces of different crystalline orientation, or different chemical composition. Topographical variations produce a relatively weak contrast due to shadowing and edge effects.Since the photoelectrons originate from the surface layers (e.g. ∼5-10 nm for metals), photoelectron microscopy is surface sensitive. Thus to see the microstructure of a metal the thin layer (∼3 nm) of surface oxide must be removed, either by ion bombardment or by thermal decomposition in the vacuum of the microscope.

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