The Effect of Adult Food Limitation on Life History Traits in Speyeria Mormonia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Ecology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Boggs ◽  
Charles L. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Adult Food

scholarly journals Intergenerational Effects of Early Life Starvation on Life-History, Consumption, and Transcriptome of a Holometabolous Insect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Catherine Paul ◽  
Pragya Singh ◽  
Alice B. Dennis ◽  
Caroline Müller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Intergenerational Effects ◽  
Holometabolous Insect ◽  
Parental Phenotype ◽  
Starvation Conditions

ABSTRACTIntergenerational effects, also known as parental effects in which the offspring phenotype is influenced by the parental phenotype, can occur in response to parental early life food-limitation and adult reproductive environment. However, little is known about how these parental life stage-specific environments interact with each other and with the offspring environment to influence offspring phenotype, particularly in organisms that realize distinct niches across ontogeny. We examined the effects of parental early life starvation and adult reproductive environment on offspring traits under matching or mismatching offspring early life starvation conditions using the holometabolous, haplo-diploid insect Athalia rosae (turnip sawfly). We show that the parental early life starvation treatment had context-dependent intergenerational effects on the life-history and consumption traits of offspring larvae, partly in interaction with offspring conditions and sex, while there was no significant effect of parental adult reproductive environment. In addition, while offspring larval starvation led to numerous gene- and pathway-level expression differences, parental starvation impacted fewer genes and only the ribosomal pathway. Our findings reveal that parental starvation evokes complex intergenerational effects on offspring life-history traits, consumption patterns as well as gene expression, although the effects are less pronounced than those of offspring starvation.

scholarly journals Life‐history variation of a neotropical thrush challenges food limitation theory

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1564) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Ferretti ◽  
Paulo E Llambías ◽  
Thomas E Martin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Nestling Growth ◽  
Parental Feeding

Since David Lack first proposed that birds rear as many young as they can nourish, food limitation has been accepted as the primary explanation for variation in clutch size and other life‐history traits in birds. The importance of food limitation in life-history variation, however, was recently questioned on theoretical grounds. Here, we show that clutch size differences between two populations of a neotropical thrush were contrary to expectations under Lack's food limitation hypothesis. Larger clutch sizes were found in a population with higher nestling starvation rate (i.e. greater food limitation). We experimentally equalized clutches between populations to verify this difference in food limitation. Our experiment confirmed greater food limitation in the population with larger mean clutch size. In addition, incubation bout length and nestling growth rate were also contrary to predictions of food limitation theory. Our results demonstrate the inability of food limitation to explain differences in several life-history traits: clutch size, incubation behaviour, parental feeding rate and nestling growth rate. These life-history traits were better explained by inter‐population differences in nest predation rates. Food limitation may be less important to life history evolution in birds than suggested by traditional theory.

scholarly journals The plastic fly: the effect of sustained fluctuations in adult food supply on life‐history traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2322-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heuvel ◽  
J. Zandveld ◽  
M. Mulder ◽  
P. M. Brakefield ◽  
T. B. L. Kirkwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Food

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Larval and Adult Nutrition on Survival, Fecundity, and Size of the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes Aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Yan ◽  
Roumaissa Kibech ◽  
Chris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Food

Abstract Background: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of multiple infectious pathogens that can cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. Their transmission potential for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as their survival and fecundity. These life history traits depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during different stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Results: Here, we experimentally manipulated both larval and adult diets to create four nutritional levels, that is, a high amount of larval food plus poor (weak concentration of sucrose) adult food: HL+PA, high larval plus good (normal sucrose concentration) adult food: HL+GA, low larval plus poor adult food: LL+PA and low larval plus good adult food: LL+GA. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. We found that larval and adult nutrition affected mosquito size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition synergistically influenced mosquito fecundity. There was a positive relationship between mosquito size and fecundity. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions: These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Larval and Adult Nutrition on Survival, Fecundity, and Size of the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes Aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Yan ◽  
Roumaissa Kibech ◽  
Chris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Food

Abstract Background: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of multiple infectious pathogens that can cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. Their transmission potential for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as their survival and fecundity. These life history traits depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during different stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Methods: Here, we experimentally manipulated both larval and adult diets to create four nutritional levels, that is, a high amount of larval food plus poor (weak concentration of sucrose) adult food: HL+PA, high larval plus good (normal sucrose concentration) adult food: HL+GA, low larval plus poor adult food: LL+PA and low larval plus good adult food: LL+GA. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. Results: We found that larval and adult nutrition affected mosquito size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition synergistically influenced mosquito fecundity. There was a positive relationship between mosquito size and fecundity. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions: These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

scholarly journals Differential effects of larval and adult nutrition on female survival, fecundity, and size of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Yan ◽  
Roumaissa Kibech ◽  
Chris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Food

Abstract Background: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of medically-important infectious viruses that cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. The transmission potential of mosquitoes for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as size, survival and fecundity. These life history traits, to some degree, depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during larval and adult stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Results: Here, we experimentally manipulated both larval and adult diets to create four nutritional levels, that is, a high amount of larval food plus poor (weak concentration of sucrose) adult food: HL+PA, high larval plus good (normal sucrose concentration) adult food: HL+GA, low larval plus poor adult food: LL+PA and low larval plus good adult food: LL+GA. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of female mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. We found that larval and adult nutrition affected size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition synergistically influenced fecundity. There was a positive relationship between size and fecundity. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions: These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence female mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

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