Brood Size and the Use of Time and Energy by the Phainopepla

Ecology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Walsberg
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Time And Energy

Time and Energy Limits to Brood Size in House Martins (Delichon urbica)

10.2307/4463 ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Bryant ◽  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Delichon Urbica ◽  
Time And Energy

scholarly journals Farmers’ Perceptions of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Use in Extension Service Delivery in Northern Region, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Francis K. OBENG ◽  
Salifu GUMAH ◽  
Stephen Mintah
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Time And Energy

Extension methodologies for communicating technologies to farmers have evolved over the past 200 years from so-called traditional methodologies to more advanced and technology-based methodologies that enable extension staff to reach many people within the shortest possible time in a more effective and efficient way. Though traditional methods are still relevant and effective, current trends require the use of more innovative and cost-effective methodologies.  This paper examined the perceptions of farmers on the use of ICTs in Extension Service delivery in the Northern Region of Ghana. Ninety farmers were randomly sampled from 6 communities in 6 districts in the region. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire. A 5-point Likert scale was used to determine farmers’ perceived effects of ICT on extension delivery. Data were analysed using means, standard deviations, t-test, frequencies and percentages. The most widely used ICTs by farmers are radio, mobile phone and television. Farmers perceive the use of mobile phone to have resulted in timely delivery of information, increased interaction among farmers and between farmers and AEAs and effective use of time and energy by AEAs. The use of radio has improved adoption of technologies and enhanced farmers’ awareness of innovations. It is concluded mobile phone, radio and television are used widely in the region and have very positive effects on extension service delivery.  

Dive behavior and estimated energy expenditure of foraging humpback whales in southeast Alaska

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ford Dolphin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
Time And Energy

The ventilatory and dive behaviors of humpback whales were studied during July–September 1982–1984 in the area of Frederick Sound, Alaska. Oxygen utilization and energy expenditure were estimated based upon observed blow rates and calculated tidal volume during foraging at identified depths between 0 and 120 m. Duration of dive, duration of surfacing, and number of blows per surfacing were all strongly correlated with depth of dive. Dives tended to be short (57.4% were less than 2.8 min in duration) and shallow (84.6% were to depths of less than 60 m). Humpback whales dived and returned to the surface directly, which allowed for calculation of the time spent at depth in different diving situations. The percent of time spent at the surface tended to increase with increasing depth of dive and exhibited a marked increase at depths surpassing 60 m. The lowest oxygen utilization rate was found during dives 41–60 m in depth. Oxygen utilization per ventilation–dive cycle was strongly and positively correlated with depth of dive. It is postulated that dives to depths of 41–60 m (4–6 min in duration) represent the aerobic limit of humpback whales. Dives exceeding these limits result in anaerobic metabolism and, consequently, an inefficient use of time and energy resources.

The Importance of Preparedness for Emergency Response to Railway Incidents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cockle ◽  
Larry Day
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Mass Casualty Events ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Large Groups

Public transportation provides opportunities for people to share a common platform or mode of transportation as they move from place to place, often amassing persons in large groups or quantities. Rail transportation in particular has the benefit of accommodating very large numbers of people in one movement, often upwards of 1000 persons. The benefits to society are considerable: shared resources, lower impacts on the environment, and more efficient use of time and energy. The consequence when something goes wrong, however, can also be considerable: mass casualties (fatalities and/or injuries) from a single event, disrupted supply chains, and environmental damages to name a few. Even if persons are not physically harmed, the effects of an incident can be felt by a far greater number of persons. Adequate preparation can play a key role in minimizing the effects of mass casualty events such as railway collisions or derailments. Indeed, lives can be saved or lost depending on the resources, training, and organization that are employed when responding to a mass casualty incident.

scholarly journals Use of Time and Energy on Exercise, Prolonged TV Viewing, and Work Days

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. e61-e69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Matthews ◽  
Sarah Kozey Keadle ◽  
Pedro F. Saint-Maurice ◽  
Steven C. Moore ◽  
Erik A. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Time And Energy
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