Effect of Grass Competition and Depth to Water Table on Height Growth of Coniferous Tree Seedlings

Ecology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Sims ◽  
D. Mueller-Dombois
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Coniferous Tree ◽  
Depth To Water Table

THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER ON SOIL FORMATION IN A MORAINAL LANDSCAPE IN SASKATCHEWAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. MILLER ◽  
D. F. ACTON ◽  
R. J. ST. ARNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Water Tables

The results of this study indicate the importance of groundwater flow and water table depth on the genesis, characteristics and distribution of soils within a hummocky morainal landscape. Non-saline and non-carbonated soils in upland depressions can be attributed to "depression-focused" recharge by snowmelt and snowmelt runoff in the spring, as evidenced by deep sola and/or eluvial horizons. Non-saline and carbonated soils on lower slopes adjacent to depressions are associated with local discharge and/or lateral flow from the adjacent groundwater mounds under the depressions in spring, as well as upward flow in the summer resulting from water use by phreatophytes such as willows, creating a water table depression around the slough fringes. Saline and carbonated soils at low elevations are associated with shallow and rather stable water tables, and local discharge from surrounding uplands. Soil types on uplands are more dependent on slope position and infiltration than on depth to water table or groundwater flow. Non-saline soils of different profile types occur on mid- and upper slope positions. These areas have a deep water table with mainly recharge or lateral flow occurring in the saturated zone. The infiltration of surface runoff water in upland depressions is the dominant factor influencing the distribution of soluble salts in this hummocky landscape. Key words: Water table, landscape position, recharge, discharge, soluble salts, soil genesis, morphology, carbonate soil

scholarly journals Evaluation of Four Herbicides and Tillage for Weed Control on 1-0 Planted Tree Seedlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Seifert ◽  
Keith Woeste
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planted Tree

Abstract Azafenidin, sulfometuron, pendimethalin, and simazine were applied alone and in combination to 1-0 seedlings of nine hardwood and one conifer species. Percent bare ground at 30, 60, and 90 days, diameter and height growth of the seedlings were determined for 16 herbicide treatments, tillage and a control. Azafenidin applications alone and in combination with sulfometuron resulted in about 85% bare ground 90 days post-treatment. There were significant differences for diameter, height growth, and volume among the treatments for every species. No single treatment ranked best for all species, but comparison of the mean ranks of the treatments for all species indicated that azafenidin and pendimethalin resulted in the most growth. Azafenidin-treated seedlings also had the greatest volume at the end of the season.

Light threshold for optimal black spruce (Piceamariana) seedling growth and development under brush competition

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jobidon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Total Height

Light threshold is suggested as a method for quantifying brush competition in black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P) plantations and predicting losses in tree growth as measured by the relative growth rate (RGR). The severity of the competing vegetation (expressed in terms of density and height) around 300 planted tree seedlings, and the growth status of the seedlings (expressed in terms of total height and current height growth increment), were analyzed simultaneously with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), with one level of light quantity (photosynthetically active radiation) reaching the upper one-half of the tree seedlings as the predictor variable. This study showed that it is possible to establish a competitive status based on light interception, thus allowing a grouping of seedlings with similar growth characteristics and severity of competition. Canonical analysis showed that 60% of full sunlight reaching the upper one half of spruce seedlings can be defined as a threshold to significantly discriminate between stressed and unstressed tree seedlings, based on the above-mentioned variables and also based on spruce basal stem diameter. For spruce total height, current height increment, and basal stem diameter, significant differences were found between plots above and below this threshold, averaging 18.5, 44.7, and 23.2%, respectively. Measuring the intensity of light reaching the upper one half of the spruce seedlings also significantly explains spruce relative growth rates, expressed in terms of height growth increment and basal stem diameter growth increment over the following two growing seasons. The light threshold used in the MANOVA and the ANOVA showed significant differences between plots above and below the threshold, averaging 70 and 58% for spruce height and basal stem diameter RGRs, respectively. Instead of measuring competing vegetation variables and relative height of a crop species to infer light interception, this study demonstrated that a direct measure of light attenuation at the tree seedling level can be used to assess the competitive status and predict losses in tree growth for the period of time required by the seedlings to emerge from the vegetation cover. Moreover, this study demonstrated that canonical relations, rather than linear relations, explain the pattern of competition for light between young spruce seedlings and brushlike vegetation. The light threshold suggested in this study has potential for assessing interspecific competition problems in young black spruce plantations and is proposed as a tool to support a containment strategy of vegetation management.

Alfalfa Growth and Soil Oxygen Diffusion as Influenced by Depth to Water Table

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1165-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bornstein ◽  
G. R. Benoit ◽  
F. R. Scott ◽  
P. R. Hepler ◽  
W. E. Hedstrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Soil Oxygen ◽  
Depth To Water Table

scholarly journals Dimensional Analysis of Transmissivity Equations and Comparison of Dependent Variables Using Birnin Gwari Aquifer Characteristics in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Isaac O. Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Level Versus ◽  
Aquifer Characteristics

This study established relationship among three transmissivity equations using dimensional analysis, comparing three dependent variables inherent in the transmissivity equations, and use correlation analysis to examine the nature of interrelationship between drawdown and specific capacity in the Birnin-Gwari local government area of Kaduna State, Nigeria between October 2018 and October 2019. Relationship between three transmissivity equations, namely, Jacob, Logan and Babuskin was determined using dimensional analysis. The equations and the outcome were applied to the hydraulic data obtained from 26 producing boreholes in the study area. Comparison of the dependent variables, namely discharge, drawdown and hydraulic conductivity, was carried out to observe the relationship among them. The Correlation analysis was used to examine the nature of interrelationship between drawdown and specific capacity, while the plots of depth-to-water table and depth-to-basement were made to provide pictorial comparison between positions of water table and the underlying Basement. The results showed that the values computed from the Jacob method are the lowest among the three, while Logan method gave higher values, although they all trend in similar manner. The study revealed an inverse trend in the drawdown versus discharge and hydraulic conductivity. Correlation analysis between drawdown and specific capacity gave a regression coefficient of -0.593 and correlation coefficient of 0.352, indicating a weak relationship between them. The graphical relation of water level versus basement rock surfaces portend a near-parallel trend possibly determined by the underlying geology. Transmissivity values computed from the Babuskin method gave almost average values among the three methods. Both the regression and correlation coefficients gave low to average values between drawdown and specific capacity. The depth-to-basement versus depth-to-water plots showed that water table variations are probably controlled by the type and trend of basement topography.

scholarly journals Land Suitability Evaluation for Rubber in the Tropical Humid Region of Kerala, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Chandrakala ◽  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
K. S. Anil `Kumar ◽  
K. Sujatha ◽  
Rajendra Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Suitability ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Total Geographical Area ◽  
Root Restriction

Aims: To assess the suitability of the rubber in Elamdesam block, Idukki district, Kerala. Place and Duration of Study: Soil survey done and soil samples were brought from Elamdesam block, Idukki district, Kerala, India in the year 2016 and laboratory characterization and suitability assessment was done during 2017 in National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Hebbal, Bangalore Methodology: Soil suitability of rubber in Elamdesam block has been worked out in two steps. In the first step suitability criteria for rubber crop have been evolved with the help of existing literature with special reference to a tropical humid region of India. Emphasis was placed on land characteristics or land qualities which determine the limitations. Together, these diagnostic features (limitations) determine soil suitability when matched with crop or ecological requirements. In the second step, the defined suitabilities are shown on soil maps according to the map legend (soil composition) to prepare a relative suitability map for rubber in Elamdesam block. Results: Results revealed that rubber is moderately suitable in the area constituted 23.4 per cent of the total with the limitation of root restriction, soil fertility, topography and soil texture. Marginally suitable in 20.75 per cent of the total geographical area with the limitation of topography, root restriction and soil fertility and 20.23 per cent of the total area is unsuitable with the limitation of depth to water table and root restriction in the Elamdesam block.   Conclusion: More than 60 per cent of the total geographical area is under rubber cultivation in Elamdesam block, Idukki district, Kerala apart from soils are having the limitation of root restriction, soil fertility, topography, depth to water table and soil texture.

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