Selection for Optimal Life Histories. II: Multiple Equilibria and the Evolution of Alternative Reproductive Strategies

Ecology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Schaffer ◽  
Michael L. Rosenzweig
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Optimal Life Histories

scholarly journals Rapid evolution in crop-weed hybrids under artificial selection for divergent life histories

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley G. Campbell ◽  
Allison A. Snow ◽  
Patricia M. Sweeney ◽  
Julie M. Ketner
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Selection For

Adaptive response of extreme epiphyte Tillandsia species (Bromeliaceae) is demonstrated by different sexual reproduction strategies in the Brazilian Chaco

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-854
Author(s):  
Aline C Gomes ◽  
Bruno H S Ferreira ◽  
Camila S Souza ◽  
Luan M M Arakaki ◽  
Camila Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Reproduction Strategies ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Some epiphytes are adapted to extreme environments with the ability to survive drought as a result of their morphological (xeromorphism), anatomical (foliar trichomes or scales) and physiological features. In contrast to vegetative features, they may have diverse sexual reproductive strategies. Here we compared the flowering morphology, floral biology, breeding system and pollinators of Tillandsia duratii, T. loliacea and T. recurvifolia (Bromeliaceae) adapted to an extreme environment, the Brazilian Chaco. Tillandsia duratii and T. recurvifolia flower for 5–6 months, whereas T. loliaceae flowers for 11 months, mainly in the dry season, with low to high flowering overlap between them. Although these species generally show similar flowering morphology, they differ in size, colour, odour and/or floral functionality, suggesting non-sharing of pollinators among them. Bimodal pollination occurs in T. duratii (bees, moths other than hawkmoths) and T. recurvifolia (butterflies, hummingbirds); in T. loliacea, we recorded no floral visitors. Tillandsia recurvifolia is self-incompatible, has flowers which approach herkogamy and protandry, and depends on pollen vectors for fruit set. The other two species show reverse herkogamy, autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility (mixed breeding system); therefore, pollinators are not required. The disparity in reproductive strategies among the three species suggests the possibility of selection for diverse modes of reproduction.

scholarly journals Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Diaz Pauli ◽  
Sarah Garric ◽  
Charlotte Evangelista ◽  
L. Asbjørn Vøllestad ◽  
Eric Edeline
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Bet-hedging across generations can affect the evolution of variance-sensitive strategies within generations

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1916) ◽  
pp. 20192070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Haaland ◽  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Irja I. Ratikainen
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Mean Fitness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Independent Decision

In order to understand how organisms cope with ongoing changes in environmental variability, it is necessary to consider multiple adaptations to environmental uncertainty on different time scales. Conservative bet-hedging (CBH) represents a long-term genotype-level strategy maximizing lineage geometric mean fitness in stochastic environments by decreasing individual fitness variance, despite also lowering arithmetic mean fitness. Meanwhile, variance-prone (aka risk-prone) strategies produce greater variance in short-term payoffs, because this increases expected arithmetic mean fitness if the relationship between payoffs and fitness is accelerating. Using evolutionary simulation models, we investigate whether selection for such variance-prone strategies is counteracted by selection for bet-hedging that works to adaptively reduce fitness variance. In our model, variance proneness evolves in fine-grained environments (lower correlations among individuals in energetic state and/or payoffs), and with larger numbers of independent decision events over which resources accumulate prior to selection. Conversely, multiplicative fitness accumulation, caused by coarser environmental grain and fewer decision events selection, favours CBH via greater variance aversion. We discuss examples of variance-sensitive strategies in optimal foraging, migration, life histories and cooperative breeding using this bet-hedging perspective. By linking disparate fields of research studying adaptations to variable environments, we should be better able to understand effects of human-induced rapid environmental change.

Critique of some practices in life-history studies, with special reference to harpacticoid copepods

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bergmans
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods

Published studies on the demography and reproductive strategies of harpacticoid copepods are examined critically. At the technical level, the popular approximation r ≈ In R0/Tc is shown to be inappropriate as an estimate of the intrinsic rate of increase of harpacticoids. It leads to a systematic underestimation, by 8-29%, for life histories typical of fast-breeding species. Various ad hoc variants of r and R0 calculations occurring in the literature are also criticized. .At the conceptual level, a more discriminating approach to life-history characteristics is necessary; this applies both to the assessment of their 'strategic' significance, and to their diagnostic power with regard to the various 'strategies'. Special attention is given to the non-equivalence of parity and voltinism. Recommendations that should promote the construction of a more rigorous cognitive framework are included.

Electra vs Callopora: life histories of two bryozoans with contrasting reproductive strategies in the White Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-157
Author(s):  
Ekaterina T. Shevchenko ◽  
Marina A. Varfolomeeva ◽  
Uliana A. Nekliudova ◽  
Olga N. Kotenko ◽  
Nikolay V. Usov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The White Sea
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