Microbial Populations of Leaf Litter in Relation to Environmental Conditions and Decomposition

Ecology ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Witkamp
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Microbial Populations

The effects of a pesticide program on microbial populations from apple leaf litter

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Andrews ◽  
Charles M. Kenerley
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Seasonal Difference ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Meteorological Influences ◽  
Quantitative Impact ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The leaf litter microbial community was quantitatively and qualitatively changed when a standard pesticide schedule that comprised an insecticide, a bactericide, and a fungicide was applied to McIntosh apple trees in the summer. Effects were observed for two winters by four indirect assays and three direct methods. Populations were altered qualitatively both years, but the most striking difference was the quantitative impact from year to year. Bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeasts from treated leaves were reduced 10- to 10 000-fold between November 1976 and April 1977 and did not recover until snow cover had melted in March. Reductions in 1977–1978 were negligible. The marked seasonal difference is attributed to meteorological influences. Fluorescent pseudomonads were among the bacteria depressed by chemicals. Of the 49 genera of fungi and yeasts isolated, Coniothyrium sp., Penicillium spp., Arthrobotrys spp., and Nodulisporium sp. were appreciably reduced, whereas Typhula spp., Pleurophomella sp., Sporobolomyces spp., and Rhodotorula spp. were substantially enhanced by the spray program.

Microbial Populations on Hides of Grazing Steers in a Forage-Based Production System in Uruguay

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1919-1921
Author(s):  
PABLO J. ROVIRA ◽  
JOSÉ I. VELAZCO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Production System ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Grazing Livestock ◽  
Microbiological Status ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

The objective of the study was to evaluate the microbiological status of hides of grazing steers in a typical forage-based system in Uruguay. The study was conducted on a single farm with samples taken on 3 days during the spring of 2007. Four anatomical hide sites (perineum area, flank, back, and shoulder) of 10 steers were individually swabbed each sampling day at the farm environment (n = 120). Each sample was analyzed by the Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay for aerobic plate counts (APC), total coliform counts (TCC), and Escherichia coli counts (ECC). Mean log values for APC, TCC, and ECC on external animal hide surfaces, across all sampling sites, were 5.52, 1.89, and 1.70 log CFU/cm2, respectively. There were no significant differences among bacterial counts from the four hide surface locations. Mean log values for APC, TCC, and ECC were 1.49, 1.15, and 1.12 log CFU/cm2 lower, respectively, on sampling day 2 than on sampling day 3. Microbial populations on hides of grazing steers are highly variable and dependent on climatic and environmental conditions. To our knowledge this is the first study published evaluating the hygienic conditions of grazing livestock operations in Uruguay and their potential implications on the red meat chain.

Leaf litter decomposition in remote oceanic island streams is driven by microbes and depends on litter quality and environmental conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Ferreira ◽  
Pedro M. Raposeiro ◽  
Ana Pereira ◽  
Ana M. Cruz ◽  
Ana C. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition

scholarly journals COMPARING TWO TRANSECT METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF RED-BACKED SALAMANDERS

2016 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Jay D. McGhee ◽  
Michael D. Killian
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Plethodon Cinereus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Extensive Variation

Typical monitoring methods for terrestrial salamanders are subject to extensive variation, driven by the environmental conditions in effect during sampling. As rigorous salamander sampling methods are needed to monitor populations, there is a need to assess commonly used methods under a variety of environmental conditions. We hypothesized that of two methods used for capturing red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus), leaf litter searches and natural cover searches, the latter would perform best for adults and in situations where moisture was limiting. We compared captures for paired transect surveys: one a leaf litter search and the other a natural cover search, relative to age, proximity to streams, rainfall events, vapor pressure deficit and season. We found that natural cover searches outperformed leaf litter searches when conducted away from streams and in the absence of rainfall. Natural cover searches performed better regardless of vapor pressure deficit and season (spring or fall). Natural cover searches detected more adults than juveniles. We recommend natural cover searches as more efficient than leaf litter searches.

scholarly journals Populasi Lychas mucronatus (Scorpiones:Buthidae) di Kampus Undip Tembalang Semarang.

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Arief Fatkhu Rohman ◽  
Mochamad - Hadi ◽  
Udi - Tarwotjo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Collecting Techniques

Scorpion is an animal that has a high adaptability in various environmental conditions. Lychas mucronatus isone species of scorpion of the Buthidae family, which can be found on Campus Diponegoro University, SemarangTembalang. No data population and the spread of L. mucronatus on the campus of Diponegoro University, SemarangTembalang. This study aims to assess the population of L. mucronatus on the campus of Diponegoro University,Semarang Tembalang. This research was conducted in October-November 2009 in the region Undip TembalangHyderabad campus. Samples were taken by hand collecting techniques directly in the field accompanied by an imagecapture scorpion on its habitat. L. population data mucronatus were analyzed descriptively. The results showed L.mucronatus found on campus Undip Tembalang were 22 specimens consisting of 15 females, 2 males, 1 juvenile,and 4 specimens of unknown gender. L. mucronatus females in this study more likely in because of male mortalityduring mating season. L. mucronatus was found in grassland and shrub habitats, fields, and around the tree, L.mucronatus occupy four types of microhabitat characteristics, namely: leaf litter, rotten wood, in the soil, and understones. L. mucronatus most common in grassland and shrub habitats with sloping contour with microhabitat under arock. The presence of predators and competitors are likely to be a factor not found in L. mucronatus in severallocations on campus Undip Tembalang.

The Microbial Ecosystem in Petroleum Waste Land Treatment

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Marshall ◽  
Joseph S. Devinny
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
System Level ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Petroleum Waste ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Land Treatment ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Microbial populations, microbial activity and environmental conditions in an operating petroleum waste land treatment facility were monitored for eighteen months. Seasonal influences are apparent for both bacterial and fungal populations. During the cooler, wetter seasons, microbe populations were smaller, less variable and inhibited by the adverse environmental conditions. The hotter, drier months supported large, active populations which experienced large swings in numbers and respiratory output. Microenvironments within aggregates were investigated. Analysis of various aggregate sizes revealed differences in population, activity and distribution of microorganisms. Optimization of waste biodegradation in treatment soils requires monitoring the factors affecting the microbial community at the system level and an awareness of the microenvironmental influences.

Leaf litter decomposition on insular lentic systems: effects of macroinvertebrate presence, leaf species, and environmental conditions

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 784 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Raposeiro ◽  
Verónica Ferreira ◽  
Rosa Guri ◽  
Vítor Gonçalves ◽  
Gustavo M. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Leaf Species ◽  
Lentic Systems

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

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