Labor Productivity and the Elasticity of Factor Substitution in West German Industries 1950-1960

1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl W. Roskamp
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Elasticity Of Factor Substitution

Elasticity of factor substitution and driving factors of energy intensity in China’s industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Yijie Jiang ◽  
Wulin Zhang ◽  
Fang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Intermediate Input ◽  
Translog Cost Function ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Elasticity Of Factor Substitution

Based on the translog cost function and factor substitution theory, the input and output data from China’s industrial sector and the three sub-sectors during the period 1984–2011 are firstly used to calculate substitution elasticity among capital, labor, energy, and intermediate input. And then from the perspective of factor substitution, the driving factors of energy intensity in China’s industry are explored. The main findings introduced in this paper are listed as follows: firstly, the production of China’s industrial sector is sensitive to changes of energy and labor prices; secondly, except the complementary relationships between energy and labor in the manufacturing industry, and between energy and intermediate input in electricity, gas, and water industry, substitution relationships exist among all other factors; thirdly, the budget constraint of energy consumption is the most effective impetus to the reduction of energy intensity in industrial sector, and factor substitution especially the substitution of capital and labor for energy has an important role in the reduction of energy intensity; fourthly, the rapid expansion of economic scale causes output effect to become the biggest factor of impeding the reduction of energy intensity; fifthly, technical progress has different effects on energy intensities in different industrial sub-sectors, but generally speaking, technical progress does not promote the reduction of energy intensity.

scholarly journals How to Explain When the ES Is Lower Than One? A Bayesian Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Thach
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Nonlinear Mixed Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Constant Elasticity ◽  
Constant Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Mh Algorithm ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Elasticity Of Factor Substitution

Most studies in Vietnam use the Cobb-Douglas production function and its modifications for economic analysis. Extremely rigid presumptions are a main weak point of this functional form, particularly if the elasticity of factor substitution (ES) is equal to one, which hides the role of the ES for economic growth. The CES (constant elasticity of substitution) production function with more flexible presumptions, concretely its ES, is not unitary, and has been used more and more widely in economic investigations. So, this study is conducted to estimate the average ES through the specification of an aggregate CES function for the Vietnamese nonfinancial enterprises. By performing Bayesian nonlinear mixed-effects regression via Random-walk Metropolis Hastings (MH) algorithm, based on the data set of the listed nonfinancial enterprises of Vietnam, the author found that the CES function estimated for the researched enterprises has an ES lower than one, i.e., capital and labor are complimentary. This finding shows that Vietnamese nonfinancial enterprises can confront a downward trend of output growth.

RATE OF AND BIAS TO TECHNICAL CHANGE UNDER A REGIME OF ALMOST HOMOGENEITY OF THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
Michael J. Panik
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Aggregate Output ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Elasticity Of Factor Substitution ◽  
The Individual

This paper utilizes the concept of almost homogeneity to obtain a generalization of the elasticity of factor substitution. From this, an expression for the bias to technical change is derived that explicitly includes the individual degrees of input homogeneity. It is shown that the relative values of these homogeneity parameters can affect the magnitude and direction of the factor-saving bias to technical change. These parameters also influence the size of the residual or unexplained component of aggregate output growth.

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