The Founding of New Societies: Studies in the History of the United States, Latin America, South Africa, Canada, and Australia

Research on Latinx athletes and their communities is a significant contribution to sports studies. Recent studies on sports in Latinx communities have highlighted regional teams, transnational relationships, race and ethnicity, and sociopolitical structures. Still, the need continues for more attention on Latinx sport identity and community. Although basketball originated in the United States, the sport played a significant political role in regions throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. For example, in Mexico, President Lázaro Cárdenas (r. 1934–1940) introduced government reforms that included promoting sports; thus, in Oaxaca, Catholic missionaries used basketball as a socialization tool to strengthen relationships in rural communities (see Rios 2008 [cited under Society and Culture]). Rios 2019 (cited under Society and Culture) and Garcia 2014 (cited under History and Geography) are the primary texts dedicated to the history of basketball in Latin America and the importance of basketball to Latinx communities in the United States.

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Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy toward Latin America

Foreign Affairs ◽

10.2307/20049003 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Kenneth Maxwell ◽

Lars Schoultz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Latin America ◽

The United States ◽

History Of

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COMPARING SOUTH AFRICA AND THE UNITED STATES The Comparative Imagination: On the History of Racism, Nationalism and Social Movements. By GEORGE M. FREDERICKSON. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Pp. 259. $27.50 (ISBN 0-520-20996-6).

The Journal of African History ◽

10.1017/s0021853701367932 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 307-352

Author(s):

SHULA MARKS

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Africa ◽

Social Movements ◽

The United States ◽

University Of California ◽

History Of

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Keeping the Bombs in the Basement: U.S. Nonproliferation Policy toward Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan

International Security ◽

10.1162/isec_a_00207 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 47-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Or Rabinowitz ◽

Nicholas L. Miller

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Africa ◽

Nuclear Weapons ◽

The United States ◽

West Germany ◽

The Other ◽

Nuclear Materials ◽

Recent Scholarship ◽

History Of ◽

Nuclear Tests

How has the United States behaved historically toward friendly states with nuclear weapons ambitions? Recent scholarship has demonstrated the great lengths to which the United States went to prevent Taiwan, South Korea, and West Germany from acquiring nuclear weapons. Yet seemingly on the other side of the ledger are cases such as Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan, where the United States failed to prevent proliferation, and where many have argued that the United States made exceptions to its nonproliferation objectives given conflicting geopolitical goals. A reexamination of the history of U.S. nonproliferation policy toward Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan, based on declassified documents and interviews, finds that these cases are not as exceptional as is commonly understood. In each case, the United States sought to prevent these states from acquiring nuclear weapons, despite geopolitical constraints. Moreover, once U.S. policymakers realized that prior efforts had failed, they continued to pursue nonproliferation objectives, brokering deals to prevent nuclear tests, public declaration of capabilities, weaponization, or transfer of nuclear materials to other states.

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