Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women During World War II

This chapter helps to confirm the explanatory power of the naturalistic theory of moral progress outlined in previous chapters by making two main points. First, it shows that the theory helps to explain how and why the modern human rights movement arose when it did. Second, it shows that the advances in inclusiveness achieved by the modern human rights movement depended upon the fortunate coincidence of a constellation of contingent cultural and economic conditions—and that it is therefore a dangerous mistake to assume that continued progress must occur, or even that the status quo will not substantially deteriorate. This chapter also helps to explain a disturbing period of regression (in terms of the recognition of equal basic status) that occurred between the success of British abolitionism and the founding of the modern human rights movement at the end of World War II.

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Aristocratic libraries in Slovakia – status, research, history

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi ◽

10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2021.671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 427-441

Author(s):

Michaela Sibylová

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Public Libraries ◽

Adverse Impact ◽

World War ◽

The Past ◽

Research History ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

The Times

The author has divided her article into two parts. The first part describes the status and research of aristocratic libraries in Slovakia. For a certain period of time, these libraries occupied an underappreciated place in the history of book culture in Slovakia. The socialist ideology of the ruling regime allowed their collections (with a few exceptions) to be merged with those of public libraries and archives. The author describes the events that affected these libraries during and particularly after the end of World War II and which had an adverse impact on the current disarrayed state and level of research. Over the past decades, there has been increased interest in the history of aristocratic libraries, as evidenced by multiple scientific conferences, exhibitions and publications. The second part of the article is devoted to a brief history of the best-known aristocratic libraries that were founded and operated in the territory of today’s Slovakia. From the times of humanism, there are the book collections of the Thurzó family and the Zay family, leading Austro-Hungarian noble families and the library of the bishop of Nitra, Zakariás Mossóczy. An example of a Baroque library is the Pálffy Library at Červený Kameň Castle. The Enlightenment period is represented by the Andrássy family libraries in the Betliar manor and the Apponyi family in Oponice.

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Status of women in society in pre-islamic period

Adam alemi ◽

10.48010/2020.4/1999-5849.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (86) ◽

pp. 104-113

Author(s):

K. Bagasharov ◽

R. Shaikenova ◽

G. Tabashev ◽

N. Tutinova

Keyword(s):

Main Part ◽

Family Relations ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Social Classes ◽

Marriage And Family ◽

Islamic Period ◽

The World ◽

The Status ◽

Ancient Civilizations ◽

Status Of Women

The relevance of this study is related to the status of women in society in the pre-Islamic periiod. The introduction discusses the relevance of the work. This topic has been relevant since past times, and to this day it is just as relevant not only in individual regions, but throughout the world. Before writing the main part, a brief comparative analysis of the rights and position of women in ancient civilizations such as the Greek civilization, the kingdom of mana (Hinduism), Judaism and the Arab countries before the Islamic period was made. The main part was devoted to the consideration of women’s rights in marriage and family relations. In various social classes, the degree of women was low. The main goal is to reveal and not recognize the rights of women in society, marriage and family. In the pre-Islamic period, women had no rights in Arab society. In the period of ignorance of the Arabs, girls were buried alive. Islam also shows that women are also human and have the same rights as men. After analyzing the pre-Islamic period, in the final part, examples were given of immorality and ignorance towards a woman, and with the advent of true religions, all these actions were canceled, and the status of a woman was elevated.

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The Phenomenon of State Sovereignty: Past and Present

Diplomatic Ukraine ◽

10.37837/2707-7683-2020-34 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 688-699

Author(s):

Liudmyla Chekalenko

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

World Order ◽

Global Scale ◽

State Sovereignty ◽

World War ◽

Weak State ◽

International Agencies ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

The Status ◽

National Defence

The article examines the current condition of the status of state sovereignty, which is being gradually replaced by such social and political phenomenon as sovereignism. The author is convinced that the reason of its current rise is the weakening of sovereignty, the artificially made, legally enshrined, and not always successful mechanism of the state’s existence. Sovereignism became widely spread in the aftermath of World War II. The erstwhile world order in international relations rested upon state sovereignty, where the strong provided assistance to the weak in return for certain privileges, and the weak sought to find a protector of their sovereignty among the world’s leaders and international organisations. The author states any social phenomenon has to develop and evolve. This is also the case with sovereignty, an obsolete form of the state’s existence, which is searching for new variants of development on the global scale. Sovereignism may be regarded as a new pattern in the development of sovereignty and a means of weakening it. At the same time, it may be viewed as an impetus to strengthening sovereignty. Sovereignism has led to deadly wars and the influx of migrants all around the world; it is a hazardous challenge of the present. This fever of forgone political ambitions transcending state borders and spreading all over the globe is destructing established norms, traditions, and stability. Sovereignism is creating a new social identity in regions at war, which is a dangerous challenge for national security. Thus, sovereignism brings instability, chaos, clashes, and human toll. The author draws a conclusion that given current developments the protection of a weak state is possible only through integration with advanced economies and international agencies able to take responsibility for their partners and, most importantly, through building one’s own national defence forces. Keywords: nationalism, sovereignty, human rights, dignity, war.

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