The Geographical Lore of the Time of the Crusades: A Study in the History of Medieval Science and Tradition in Western Europe

The article examines the main publications covering the centuries-old history of the Catholic Church in the lands of modern Bashkortostan, as well as partly affecting the interaction of local Catholic communities with coreligionists from other cities located in the South Urals, as well as in the Middle Volga region. Unfortunately, there are quite a few special studies on the history of this Christian denomination in our republic. Many works, in one way or another related to this issue, are of a general nature and contain a schematic listing of factual information, or are more devoted to the history of national communities, for which this religion is, to a certain extent, one of the most important elements of traditional ethnic culture. Here it is necessary to note, first of all, publications on the history of the Polish and German diaspora, which provide information about the participation of representatives of these communities in the creation of Catholic parishes and public associations associated with charity and education. At the same time, the significance of the confessional aspect is to a much lesser extent revealed in works on the history of Latvian immigrants from Latgale, Belarusians and Ukrainians from Volyn and Eastern Galicia, who, due to various circumstances, left their homes during the First World War, as well as other Catholic emigrants from Central and Western Europe, located in the Ufa province at the beginning of the XX century. In some articles on demography and striking features of social stratification, one can find indirect references to the presence of Catholics, but this information only It is noteworthy that most publications indicate the middle of the 17th century as the earliest dating of the appearance of believing Catholics in the South Urals, and evidence of missionary trips to the Eastern Hungarians during the 13th-15th centuries allows us to make hypothetical assumptions about their role in the life of the local religious community. It can be noted that the presence of a certain part of Catholics on the territory of Bashkiria during the 16th20th centuries. was associated with forced migration due to the fact that, as a result of military clashes, some of them were captured, as well as due to participation in activities that conflicted with the interests of the Russian leadership are considered, with a few exceptions, only in the context of the problem of the origin of the Bashkir people, most likely due to the modest results of the preaching.

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Conclusion

10.1093/oso/9780198815013.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ildar Garipzanov

Keyword(s):

Cultural History ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Late Antiquity ◽

Western Europe ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Ninth Century ◽

Sources Of Authority ◽

History Of ◽

Historical Periods

The concluding chapter highlights how the cultural history of graphic signs of authority in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages encapsulated the profound transformation of political culture in the Mediterranean and Europe from approximately the fourth to ninth centuries. It also reflects on the transcendent sources of authority in these historical periods, and the role of graphic signs in highlighting this connection. Finally, it warns that, despite the apparent dominant role of the sign of the cross and cruciform graphic devices in providing access to transcendent protection and support in ninth-century Western Europe, some people could still employ alternative graphic signs deriving from older occult traditions in their recourse to transcendent powers.

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A Financial History of Western Europe. Charles P. Kindleberger

The Journal of Modern History ◽

10.1086/242954 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 253-256

Author(s):

Richard Tilly

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Financial History ◽

History Of

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Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76924-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aurélie Salavert ◽

Antoine Zazzo ◽

Lucie Martin ◽

Ferran Antolín ◽

Caroline Gauthier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Western Alps ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Opium Poppy ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Macrobotanical Remains ◽

History Of ◽

Temperate Europe ◽

Radiocarbon Chronology ◽

Botanical Remains

AbstractThis paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900–3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300–5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000–4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe.

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The Agrarian History of Western Europe A. D. 500-1850.

The Economic Journal ◽

10.2307/2228524 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 74 (294) ◽

pp. 486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward Miller ◽

B. H. Slicher Van Bath

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

History Of

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An Economic History of Western Europe, 1945-1964.

Political Science Quarterly ◽

10.2307/2147157 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 686

Author(s):

Rondo Cameron ◽

M. M. Postan

Keyword(s):

Economic History ◽

Western Europe ◽

History Of

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Migration and World History: Reaching a New Frontier

International Review of Social History ◽

10.1017/s0020859006002793 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 89-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leo Lucassen

Keyword(s):

Economic History ◽

Western Europe ◽

Human Life ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Structural Aspect ◽

Labour Relations ◽

Migration History ◽

Significant Phenomenon ◽

History Of ◽

And Gender

Migration history has made some major leaps forward in the last fifteen years or so. An important contribution was Leslie Page Moch's Moving Europeans, published in 1992, in which she weaves the latest insights in migration history into the general social and economic history of western Europe. Using Charles Tilly's typology of migration patterns and his ideas on the process of proletarianization since the sixteenth century, Moch skilfully integrates the experience of human mobility in the history of urbanization, labour relations, (proto)industrialization, demography, family history, and gender relations. Her state-of-the-art overview has been very influential, not least because it fundamentally criticizes the modernization paradigm of Wilbur Zelinsky and others, who assumed that only in the nineteenth century, as a result of industrialization and urbanization, migration became a significant phenomenon. Instead, she convincingly argues that migration was a structural aspect of human life. Since then many new studies have proved her point and refined her model.

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